Sectors & IndustriesFinancial Services
Best Financial Stocks to Buy Now (2025)
Top financial stocks in 2025 ranked by overall Due Diligence Score. See the best financial stocks to buy now, according to analyst forecasts for the financial services sector.

Sector: Financial Services
Ticker
Company
Zen Rating
Growth
Market Cap
Revenue
EBITDA
Earnings
EPS
Rev. Y/Y
Rev. 5Y
Earn. Y/Y
Earn. 5Y
Earnings Date
OSG
OCTAVE SPECIALTY GROUP INC
$363.20M$99.13M-$805.92M-$780.16M-$15.59-2.16%-8.79%N/AN/A
STKE
SOL STRATEGIES INC
$56.04MN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
CBSH
COMMERCE BANCSHARES INC
$6.91B$1.68B$774.12M$561.70M$4.195.09%7.36%14.17%13.66%
FFIN
FIRST FINANCIAL BANKSHARES INC
$4.46B$581.88M$309.88M$242.59M$1.7014.03%5.86%17.24%5.19%2026-01-22
MLCI
MOUNT LOGAN CAPITAL INC
$91.94MN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
PB
PROSPERITY BANCSHARES INC
$6.72B$1.24B$714.92M$533.01M$5.617.87%2.16%19.36%1.65%2026-01-28
CWD
CALIBERCOS INC
$10.42M$24.66M-$15.84M-$25.47M-$20.05-62.85%N/AN/AN/A
INV
INNVENTURE INC
$317.98M$1.69M-$296.82M-$317.31M-$6.621.99%N/AN/AN/A
EGBN
EAGLE BANCORP INC
$629.90M$3.97M-$168.03M-$120.32M-$3.95-98.36%-58.40%N/AN/A2026-01-21
AVAL
GRUPO AVAL ACCIONES Y VALORES SA
$5.03B$2.41B$752.00M$235.88M$0.20-28.68%-15.24%19.88%-25.29%
SIEB
SIEBERT FINANCIAL CORP
$116.03M$90.66M$11.30M$7.30M$0.188.47%12.17%-30.77%24.57%
TCBS
TEXAS COMMUNITY BANCSHARES INC
$46.69M$15.27M$3.53M$2.52M$0.8854.88%N/AN/AN/A
MAAS
MAASE INC
$62.71M$211.90M-$9.32M-$27.52M-$3.66-18.25%63.00%N/AN/A
TOP
TOP FINANCIAL GROUP LTD
$42.05M$3.33M-$5.65M-$5.97M-$0.16-58.58%-27.39%N/AN/A
GOCO
GOHEALTH INC
$84.99M$738.34M-$10.76M-$199.02M-$14.947.56%-0.04%N/AN/A
PFX
PHENIXFIN CORP
$83.40M$23.96M$15.13M$6.17M$3.067.47%-1.02%-68.22%N/A2025-12-17
PROV
PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC
$97.18M$39.82M$12.31M$6.04M$0.910.07%0.90%-17.27%0.67%2026-02-02
FLG
FLAGSTAR BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
$5.35B$1.80B-$323.00M-$427.00M-$0.8939.31%11.55%N/AN/A2026-01-28
STEC
SANTECH HOLDINGS LTD
$73.25M$0.00-$4.88M-$5.37M$0.00-100.00%-100.00%N/A-100.00%
EQS
EQUUS TOTAL RETURN INC
$24.30M$1.38M-$14.37M-$14.90M-$1.0921.11%24.14%N/AN/A
CMA
COMERICA INC
$10.72B$3.23B$1.01B$690.00M$5.282.31%5.92%31.02%6.69%2026-01-23
SWKH
SWK HOLDINGS CORP
$205.39M$45.13M$34.79M$22.73M$1.866.15%5.09%118.82%20.57%
UBCP
UNITED BANCORP INC
$78.01M$30.52M$8.79M$7.57M$1.314.39%4.08%-5.07%1.10%2026-02-05
CNCK
COINCHECK GROUP NV
$558.58M$2.94B-$85.90M-$102.16M-$2.2441.39%N/AN/AN/A
AURE
PRESTIGE WEALTH INC
$22.97M$142.57kN/A-$10.01M-$0.75-73.26%N/AN/AN/A
UBFO
UNITED SECURITY BANCSHARES
$174.35M$45.92M$17.94M$11.37M$0.66-11.63%4.68%-35.92%2.27%2026-01-29
RMCO
ROYALTY MANAGEMENT HOLDING CORP
$34.07M$3.80M-$244.57k-$349.24k-$0.01445.90%N/AN/AN/A
PRHI
PRESURANCE HOLDINGS INC
$11.49M$53.41M-$23.50M-$26.78M-$2.18-22.49%-11.53%N/AN/A
PLUT
PLUTUS FINANCIAL GROUP LTD
$48.50M$1.26M-$810.05k-$711.73k-$0.06-55.40%N/AN/AN/A
PBHC
PATHFINDER BANCORP INC
$91.38M$44.15M$10.94M$7.54M$1.2124.40%5.94%278.13%0.50%2026-01-29
RBKB
RHINEBECK BANCORP INC
$132.63M$45.31M$7.65M$5.06M$0.4652.97%5.09%N/A-1.65%2026-01-28
PAPL
PINEAPPLE FINANCIAL INC
$4.54M$2.99M-$2.34M-$3.54M-$5.3111.08%N/AN/AN/A
PBFS
PIONEER BANCORP INC
$339.09M$89.28M$27.78M$19.84M$0.805.89%10.49%11.11%21.67%2026-01-22
DXF
EASON TECHNOLOGY LTD
$726.43M$1.73M-$70.12M-$70.52M-$0.27N/A-30.65%N/AN/A
RAND
RAND CAPITAL CORP
$41.35M$7.33M-$11.82M-$12.07M-$4.20-12.27%19.30%N/AN/A
OXBR
OXBRIDGE RE HOLDINGS LTD
$10.98M$4.73M-$2.66M-$2.66M-$0.37N/A33.32%N/AN/A
PBBK
PB BANKSHARES INC
$54.65M$13.92M$3.42M$2.31M$1.0017.20%N/A56.25%N/A
NSTS
NSTS BANCORP INC
$61.32M$9.76M-$266.00k-$567.00k-$0.1257.78%N/AN/AN/A
VALU
VALUE LINE INC
$350.07M$34.80M$29.69M$21.26M$2.26-4.99%-3.23%6.60%5.61%
NODK
NI HOLDINGS INC
$274.26M$297.97M$5.08M$2.59M$0.13-9.70%0.27%N/A-39.77%
NISN
NISUN INTERNATIONAL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT GROUP CO LTD
$15.43M$340.22M$12.03M$5.79M$1.43-12.01%166.61%-67.94%-3.40%
NCPL
NETCAPITAL INC
$4.91M$917.29k-$29.31M-$29.42M-$18.64-74.33%-23.04%N/AN/A
SNV
SYNOVUS FINANCIAL CORP
$7.06B$2.29B$1.07B$754.45M$5.3931.11%6.83%141.70%18.26%2026-01-14
MRCC
MONROE CAPITAL CORP
$144.30M$43.74M$13.76M-$4.19M-$0.19-29.46%-8.18%N/AN/A
MGYR
MAGYAR BANCORP INC
$108.05M$35.53M$15.21M$9.78M$1.5818.29%10.69%35.04%32.98%2026-01-21
BCG
BINAH CAPITAL GROUP INC
$40.51M$181.24M$6.73M$1.04M$0.039.46%N/AN/AN/A
MDBH
MDB CAPITAL HOLDINGS LLC
$34.17M$1.32M$11.61M$11.43M$1.43-31.78%N/AN/AN/A
OMCC
OLD MARKET CAPITAL CORP
$32.73M$12.11M$557.00k-$2.66M-$0.20251.38%-26.93%N/AN/A
MOFG
MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP INC
$841.20M$221.84M$74.49M$58.46M$3.35504.86%6.95%N/A74.01%2026-01-22
MBCN
MIDDLEFIELD BANC CORP
$289.27M$76.11M$26.22M$21.16M$2.6317.70%13.78%49.43%13.44%2026-01-22
MBBC
MARATHON BANCORP INC
$33.47M$7.30M$637.58k$311.83k$0.117.77%4.72%N/AN/A
SAIH
SAIHEAT LTD
$13.86M$6.17MN/A-$6.84M-$3.84-11.25%N/AN/AN/A
MGLD
MARYGOLD COMPANIES INC
$41.36M$29.21M-$3.41M-$4.59M-$0.10-10.16%-1.48%N/AN/A
MEGL
MAGIC EMPIRE GLOBAL LTD
$7.70M$1.31MN/A-$1.28M-$0.25-34.38%N/AN/AN/A
MBWM
MERCANTILE BANK CORP
$763.43M$233.71M$107.44M$85.54M$5.275.19%9.44%6.04%14.65%2026-01-20
IOR
INCOME OPPORTUNITY REALTY INVESTORS INC
$72.58M$0.00$5.22M$4.13M$1.00N/AN/A-31.03%1.46%
WAI
TOP KINGWIN LTD
$32.51M$5.82M-$8.10M-$8.18M$55.5745.98%N/AN/AN/A
HGBL
HERITAGE GLOBAL INC
$43.08M$49.89M$7.62M$3.08M$0.090.02%16.25%-67.86%-7.09%
IROQ
IF BANCORP INC
$87.88M$27.98M$7.60M$5.06M$1.6024.68%3.48%153.97%1.57%
PNFP
PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS INC
$7.51B$1.89B$867.65M$608.15M$7.9121.58%15.96%49.25%15.31%2026-01-20
NKSH
NATIONAL BANKSHARES INC
$194.48M$51.98M$17.03M$13.02M$2.0519.63%3.37%40.41%-3.42%
GROW
U S GLOBAL INVESTORS INC
$30.56M$8.55M$1.06M$858.00k$0.06-14.62%4.32%-53.85%0.00%
OPHC
OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS INC
$47.64M$43.82M$21.78M$15.75M$1.3826.96%65.57%1.47%N/A2026-02-05
WSBK
WINCHESTER BANCORP INC
$89.24M$20.25MN/A$720.00kN/A36.39%N/AN/AN/A
FNWB
FIRST NORTHWEST BANCORP
$93.01M$55.59M-$7.53M-$7.38M-$0.849.49%2.26%N/AN/A2026-01-22
KFFB
KENTUCKY FIRST FEDERAL BANCORP
$36.63M$9.47M$909.00k$540.00k$0.0626.68%-0.40%N/AN/A
HNNA
HENNESSY ADVISORS INC
$79.51M$35.54M$16.20M$9.96M$1.2819.87%1.26%39.13%3.65%2025-12-09
WHG
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP INC
$152.69M$96.24M$15.94M$7.30M$0.874.20%7.64%148.57%N/A
FGBI
FIRST GUARANTY BANCSHARES INC
$73.69M$13.04M-$65.85M-$59.79M-$4.13-86.35%-30.19%N/AN/A2026-02-03
HFBL
HOME FEDERAL BANCORP INC OF LOUISIANA
$49.38M$21.72M$6.88M$4.55M$1.4910.11%4.32%36.70%5.04%2026-01-28
BHF
BRIGHTHOUSE FINANCIAL INC
$3.73B$6.28B$1.15B$865.00M$14.4127.71%-6.26%N/AN/A
BLFY
BLUE FOUNDRY BANCORP
$250.38M$44.73M-$3.44M-$9.20M-$0.4511.52%N/AN/AN/A2026-01-28
GSIW
GARDEN STAGE LTD
$2.30M$5.47M-$4.11M-$4.32M$0.28288.10%N/A-17.65%N/A
UNB
UNION BANKSHARES INC
$107.60M$52.53M$13.85M$11.33M$2.5013.25%3.97%28.21%-0.93%2026-01-14
TIRX
TIAN RUIXIANG HOLDINGS LTD
$1.59M$5.86M-$4.09M-$4.27M-$0.25740.48%29.23%N/AN/A
BYFC
BROADWAY FINANCIAL CORP
$56.78M$32.73M$1.10M-$2.02M-$0.24-0.61%23.91%N/AN/A
SFBC
SOUND FINANCIAL BANCORP INC
$114.04M$38.71M$9.91M$6.84M$2.6610.39%4.11%73.86%-1.30%2026-01-29
COLB
COLUMBIA BANKING SYSTEM INC
$8.47B$1.92B$776.88M$478.30M$2.234.82%30.18%-4.29%2.30%2026-01-21
PEBK
PEOPLES BANCORP OF NORTH CAROLINA INC
$184.04M$85.50M$24.50M$16.76M$3.166.88%6.61%3.27%7.22%
FDSB
FIFTH DISTRICT BANCORP INC
$77.71M$16.73M$4.37M$3.71M$0.7353.73%N/AN/AN/A
HYNE
HOYNE BANCORP INC
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
HUIZ
HUIZE HOLDING LTD
$35.92M$1.34BN/A$20.51M$2.0019.12%5.43%-33.33%N/A
CLST
CATALYST BANCORP INC
$61.81M$11.34M$3.15M$2.22M$0.58133.67%N/AN/AN/A2026-01-22
AAME
ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORP
$49.77M$208.22M$10.07M$4.71M$0.2211.99%2.10%N/A29.67%
FSEA
FIRST SEACOAST BANCORP INC
$57.72M$14.75M-$1.75M-$2.17M-$0.5029.53%0.48%N/AN/A
FSFG
FIRST SAVINGS FINANCIAL GROUP INC
$221.23M$79.08M$26.43M$21.56M$3.1511.07%-9.94%135.07%-1.12%
ECBK
ECB BANCORP INC
$147.79M$29.86M$9.13M$6.62M$0.8120.82%N/A97.56%N/A2026-02-05
AMTD
AMTD IDEA GROUP
$84.83M$131.93MN/A$11.59M$0.11135.36%-10.22%-35.96%-48.41%
ZBAI
ATIF HOLDINGS LTD
$116.20M$720.00k-$5.16M-$5.21M-$0.4044.00%N/AN/AN/A
CIB
BANCOLOMBIA SA
$15.01B$5.34B$2.31B$1.49B$6.27-7.04%5.48%-10.32%8.14%
CNF
CNFINANCE HOLDINGS LTD
$39.23M$32.65MN/A-$7.04M-$1.11-56.91%-21.42%N/AN/A
ZBAO
ZHIBAO TECHNOLOGY INC
$33.81M$33.62MN/A$2.89M$0.1077.41%N/AN/AN/A
COHN
COHEN & CO INC
$35.12M$191.37M$11.48M$4.02M$2.43100.34%19.11%-41.73%66.48%
ASRV
AMERISERV FINANCIAL INC
$49.57M$53.49M$8.30M$5.06M$0.3017.45%1.76%N/A2.90%
CBNA
CHAIN BRIDGE BANCORP INC
$215.16M$53.09M$23.85M$18.63M$2.676.26%N/A-40.53%N/A2026-01-27
GLBZ
GLEN BURNIE BANCORP
$12.35M$12.17M$10.00k$26.00k$0.008.53%-2.32%-100.00%-100.00%2026-02-04
GEG
GREAT ELM GROUP INC
$88.52M$23.11M$8.85M$3.22M$0.1224.82%-17.09%N/AN/A2026-02-04
BFIN
BANKFINANCIAL CORP
$152.89M$46.60M-$8.25M$2.32M$0.19-14.25%-2.16%-69.84%-22.28%
BOTJ
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP INC
$81.33M$47.67M$11.68M$7.92M$1.768.53%8.22%-5.38%12.22%2026-01-29
CBC
CENTRAL BANCOMPANY INC
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A

Financial Industries

IndustryStocks1d %1w %1m %1y %DD ScoreP/E ratioP/B RatioROEROAROCEUpside/DownsideConsensus
101-0.56%+2.49%+1.23%-5.37%41.31x2.82x+11.43%+3.95%+0.47%+14.55%Buy
17-0.16%+3.63%+4.16%+31.33%16.03x1.61x+19.20%+0.86%N/A+12.50%Buy
324+0.24%+2.06%+5.23%-1.05%15.81x1.26x+11.37%+1.25%-0.00%+9.75%Buy
80+0.08%+3.89%+0.03%+5.17%21.04x2.89x+14.14%+2.47%+2.76%+12.26%Strong Buy
56-0.83%+0.57%+2.02%+4.55%35.10x4.97x+80.96%+16.21%+29.20%+14.90%Buy
3-1.55%-2.29%-1.30%+1.84%15.47x1.63x+12.45%-0.10%+1.10%+33.64%Strong Buy
10-0.68%-0.29%-1.96%-13.45%30.77x4.93x+14.04%+8.54%+16.23%+22.73%Buy
21-1.58%-2.80%-1.67%-19.60%24.70x4.30x+23.70%+6.01%+14.52%+21.83%Buy
14-1.01%-2.25%+0.56%-2.01%17.90x1.53x+9.72%+5.25%+0.04%+21.45%Buy
17-0.36%-0.11%-0.05%+1.35%14.66x1.49x+12.91%+1.38%+0.02%+14.09%Buy
40-0.22%-1.67%-0.05%+3.67%11.82x1.98x+21.61%+5.33%+0.02%+17.00%Buy
9-0.71%-0.74%-1.97%-8.40%11.51x0.99x+8.65%+1.49%N/A+14.94%Buy
20-1.15%-3.96%-4.25%-5.77%26.45x1.56x+12.63%+4.04%+1.22%+18.87%Buy
14-0.19%-1.90%-2.89%+2.89%32.94x0.50x+0.48%-0.15%-0.01%+22.53%Buy

Financial Stocks FAQ

What are the best financial stocks to buy right now in Dec 2025?

According to Zen Ratings, our proprietary rating system that evaluates 115 factors proven to drive growth in stocks and assigns each stock in our system an overall letter grade as well as 7 individual Component Grades for Value, Growth, Momentum, Sentiment, Safety, Financials, and proprietary AI algorithms, the 3 best financial service stocks to buy right now are:

1. Oppfi (NYSE:OPFI)


Oppfi (NYSE:OPFI) is the #1 top financial stock out of 726 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Oppfi (NYSE:OPFI) is: Value: B, Growth: A, Momentum: C, Sentiment: B, Safety: B, Financials: A, and AI: C.

Oppfi (NYSE:OPFI) has a Due Diligence Score of 16, which is -18 points lower than the financial sector average of 34. Although this number is below the industry average, our proven quant model rates OPFI as a "A".It passed 6 out of 38 due diligence checks and has weak fundamentals. Oppfi has seen its stock return 48.54% over the past year, overperforming other financial stocks by 49 percentage points.

2. Hci Group (NYSE:HCI)


Hci Group (NYSE:HCI) is the #2 top financial stock out of 726 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Hci Group (NYSE:HCI) is: Value: C, Growth: A, Momentum: C, Sentiment: B, Safety: C, Financials: B, and AI: B.

Hci Group (NYSE:HCI) has a Due Diligence Score of 52, which is 18 points higher than the financial sector average of 34. It passed 20 out of 38 due diligence checks and has strong fundamentals. Hci Group has seen its stock return 45.74% over the past year, overperforming other financial stocks by 47 percentage points.

Hci Group has an average 1 year price target of $245.00, an upside of 44.2% from Hci Group's current stock price of $169.90.

Hci Group stock has a consensus Strong Buy recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 2 analysts covering Hci Group, 50% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 50% have issued a Buy, 0% have issued a Hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

3. Bgc Group (NASDAQ:BGC)


Bgc Group (NASDAQ:BGC) is the #3 top financial stock out of 726 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Bgc Group (NASDAQ:BGC) is: Value: B, Growth: B, Momentum: C, Sentiment: C, Safety: C, Financials: B, and AI: A.

Bgc Group (NASDAQ:BGC) has a Due Diligence Score of 43, which is 9 points higher than the financial sector average of 34. It passed 17 out of 38 due diligence checks and has strong fundamentals. Bgc Group has seen its stock lose -3.93% over the past year, underperforming other financial stocks by -3 percentage points.

What are the financial stocks with highest dividends?

Out of 475 financial stocks that have issued dividends in the past year, the 3 financial stocks with the highest dividend yields are:

1. Arch Capital Group (NASDAQ:ACGL)


Arch Capital Group (NASDAQ:ACGL) has an annual dividend yield of N/A, which is N/A percentage points lower than the financial sector average of 3.36%.

Arch Capital Group's dividend payout ratio of 45.8% indicates that its dividend yield is sustainable for the long-term.

2. Futu Holdings (NASDAQ:FUTU)


Futu Holdings (NASDAQ:FUTU) has an annual dividend yield of N/A, which is N/A percentage points lower than the financial sector average of 3.36%.

Futu Holdings's dividend payout ratio of 22% indicates that its dividend yield is sustainable for the long-term.

3. Sun Life Financial (NYSE:SLF)


Sun Life Financial (NYSE:SLF) has an annual dividend yield of N/A, which is N/A percentage points lower than the financial sector average of 3.36%. Sun Life Financial's dividend payout is not stable, having dropped more than 10% one times in the last 10 years. Sun Life Financial's dividend has shown consistent growth over the last 10 years.

Sun Life Financial's dividend payout ratio of 54.6% indicates that its dividend yield is sustainable for the long-term.

Why are financial stocks down?

Financial stocks were down -0.27% in the last day, and up 0.84% over the last week.

We couldn't find a catalyst for why financial stocks are down.

What are the most undervalued financial stocks?

Based on the Valuation rating, one of the 7 components of a stocks overall Zen Ratings grade, which evaluates factors including estimated earnings yield, earnings before interest and taxes/enterprise value, cash flow yield, free cash flow to price, and price-to-earnings growth (PEG ratio), the 3 most undervalued financial stocks right now are:

1. Crawford & Co (NYSE:CRD.A)


Crawford & Co (NYSE:CRD.A) is the most undervalued financial stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Crawford & Co has a valuation score of 71, which is 29 points higher than the financial sector average of 42. It passed 5 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Crawford & Co's stock has dropped -6.01% in the past year. It has underperformed other stocks in the financial sector by -5 percentage points.

2. Qfin Holdings (NASDAQ:QFIN)


Qfin Holdings (NASDAQ:QFIN) is the second most undervalued financial stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Qfin Holdings has a valuation score of 71, which is 29 points higher than the financial sector average of 42. It passed 5 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Qfin Holdings's stock has dropped -50.46% in the past year. It has underperformed other stocks in the financial sector by -50 percentage points.

3. Virtus Investment Partners (NYSE:VRTS)


Virtus Investment Partners (NYSE:VRTS) is the third most undervalued financial stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Virtus Investment Partners has a valuation score of 71, which is 29 points higher than the financial sector average of 42. It passed 5 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Virtus Investment Partners's stock has dropped -35.64% in the past year. It has underperformed other stocks in the financial sector by -35 percentage points.

Are financial stocks a good buy now?

38.97% of financial stocks rated by analysts are a buy right now. On average, analysts expect financial stocks to rise by 14.26% over the next year.

1.97% of financial stocks have a Zen Rating of A (Strong Buy), 10.51% of financial stocks are rated B (Buy), 71.59% are rated C (Hold), 14.29% are rated D (Sell), and 1.64% are rated F (Strong Sell).

What is the average p/e ratio of the financial services sector?

The average P/E ratio of the financial services sector is 22.67x.
WallStreetZen does not provide financial advice and does not issue recommendations or offers to buy stock or sell any security.

Information is provided 'as-is' and solely for informational purposes and is not advice. WallStreetZen does not bear any responsibility for any losses or damage that may occur as a result of reliance on this data.