Sectors & IndustriesHealthcareBiotechnology
Best Biotech Stocks to Buy Now (2025)
Top biotech stocks in 2025 ranked by overall Zen Rating. "A" Rated stocks have returned an average of +32.52% per year, and are the best biotech stocks to buy now. Learn More.

Industry: Biotechnology
F
Biotech is Zen Rated F and is the 137th ranked industry out of 145 stock market industries
Learn how the Zen Ratings work
Ticker
Company
Exchange
Industry
Zen Rating
Market Cap
Price
1d %
EBITDA
P/E
D/E
Country
DD Score
RVMD
REVOLUTION MEDICINES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$7.56B$40.640.64%-$589.02M-11.35x0.13
United States
ORIC
ORIC PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$395.62M$5.57-2.45%-$126.74M-3.04x0.13
United States
CELC
CELCUITY INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$408.67M$10.80-3.05%-$101.37M-3.82x1.12
United States
VOR
VOR BIOPHARMA INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$82.53M$0.66-2.65%-$108.35M-0.39x0.48
United States
CDTX
CIDARA THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$238.24M$21.754.14%-$168.55M-0.81x0.32
United States
CRVO
CERVOMED INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$91.90M$10.5616.56%-$16.29M-5.23x0.10
United States
VTYX
VENTYX BIOSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$98.16M$1.383.76%-$133.77M-0.70x0.09
United States
KPTI
KARYOPHARM THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$56.89M$6.760.15%-$38.60M-0.72x-1.88
United States
ZURA
ZURA BIO LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$100.51M$1.47-4.55%-$52.39M-2.45x0.13
United States
VYGR
VOYAGER THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$195.98M$3.55-0.28%-$59.61M-3.14x0.31
United States
ANNX
ANNEXON INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$203.51M$1.86-0.27%-$134.75M-1.84x0.19
United States
TNGX
TANGO THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$152.43M$1.410.00%-$123.85M-1.18x0.59
United States
COGT
COGENT BIOSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$640.98M$5.638.06%-$251.51M-2.90x0.28
United States
SLDB
SOLID BIOSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$282.85M$3.6510.27%-$119.51M-1.19x0.38
United States
RAPT
RAPT THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$120.79M$0.92-1.29%-$126.33M-0.29x0.27
United States
IMUX
IMMUNIC INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$105.48M$1.1718.18%-$100.37M-1.17x1.22
Germany
ALMS
ALUMIS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$208.38M$3.83-7.49%-$291.02M-0.37x0.31
United States
DYN
DYNE THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.36B$11.991.70%-$315.18M-3.56x0.10
United States
PLRX
PLIANT THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$99.20M$1.621.89%-$201.70M-0.47x0.31
United States
CTNM
CONTINEUM THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$102.71M$3.97-3.41%-$41.13M-1.82x0.08
United States
PHVS
PHARVARIS NV
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$970.67M$17.85-3.41%-$161.58M-6.48x0.09
Netherlands
ATAI
ATAI LIFE SCIENCES NV
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$291.51M$1.47-2.00%-$145.61M-1.58x0.37
United States
CHRS
COHERUS BIOSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$121.69M$1.051.94%$62.34M4.20x-4.40
United States
BCTX
BRIACELL THERAPEUTICS CORP
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$15.21M$4.10-8.07%$1.26M-0.82x1.90
Canada
BHVN
BIOHAVEN LTD
NYSE
Biotechnology
$2.29B$22.451.49%-$837.83M-2.42x0.45
United States
GUTS
FRACTYL HEALTH INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$62.13M$1.270.00%-$66.15M-0.78x2.80
United States
DTIL
PRECISION BIOSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$59.96M$5.721.42%$13.53M5.45x1.42
United States
CBUS
CIBUS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$73.51M$2.14-0.47%-$210.31M-0.20x2.74
United States
CLNN
CLENE INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$25.76M$3.001.01%-$33.17M-0.53x-4.09
United States
INBX
INHIBRX BIOSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$178.34M$12.32-0.08%$1.71B0.11x0.35
United States
BMEA
BIOMEA FUSION INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$76.27M$2.03-3.33%-$133.84M-0.53x0.55
United States
OBIO
ORCHESTRA BIOMED HOLDINGS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$105.36M$2.75-7.41%-$60.06M-1.66x1.31
United States
ADVM
ADVERUM BIOTECHNOLOGIES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$69.57M$3.332.15%-$105.78M-0.50x1.54
United States
KYTX
KYVERNA THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$95.94M$2.22-3.90%-$122.66M-0.67x0.14
United States
CDXS
CODEXIS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$192.18M$2.320.87%-$46.72M-2.61x1.23
United States
ALDX
ALDEYRA THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$161.81M$2.712.26%-$53.68M-2.88x0.47
United States
RANI
RANI THERAPEUTICS HOLDINGS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$61.51M$1.07-3.60%-$22.15M-1.02x16.64
United States
GALT
GALECTIN THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$82.13M$1.30-5.11%-$41.47M-1.71x-1.15
United States
MRVI
MARAVAI LIFESCIENCES HOLDINGS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$516.30M$2.030.50%-$42.14M-1.93x1.33
United States
CLDX
CELLDEX THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.37B$20.71-0.58%-$154.69M-8.45x0.06
United States
VKTX
VIKING THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$3.21B$28.62-0.88%-$127.85M-24.88x0.02
United States
ANVS
ANNOVIS BIO INC
NYSE
Biotechnology
$30.59M$1.575.37%-$24.59M-0.78x0.50
United States
TPST
TEMPEST THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$311.56M$6.85-3.66%-$38.83M-4.57x1.17
United States
ETNB
89BIO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.19B$8.131.37%-$360.34M-2.32x0.19
United States
ACHV
ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$84.98M$2.45-5.77%-$37.42M-1.98x0.85
United States
ABVX
ABIVAX SA
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$437.73M$6.91-2.95%-$171.90M-2.27x4.06
France
IMVT
IMMUNOVANT INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$2.70B$15.90-1.55%-$381.48M-6.07x0.19
United States
SNDX
SYNDAX PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.19B$13.82-2.33%-$312.83M-3.72x1.52
United States
BCYC
BICYCLE THERAPEUTICS PLC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$628.83M$9.086.07%-$200.61M-2.89x0.19
United Kingdom
EYPT
EYEPOINT PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$490.04M$7.134.55%-$129.23M-3.07x0.24
United States
DWTX
DOGWOOD THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$10.24M$5.36-2.19%-$12.43M-0.43x-2.97
United States
CABA
CABALETTA BIO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$63.43M$1.25-5.30%-$110.57M-0.53x0.22
United States
CDT
CONDUIT PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$3.73M$0.560.36%-$15.75M-0.03x-1.62
United States
ABOS
ACUMEN PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$64.81M$1.07-5.31%-$98.08M-0.63x0.31
United States
INZY
INOZYME PHARMA INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$77.73M$1.215.22%-$95.16M-0.75x1.13
United States
MLTX
MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$2.65B$41.44-1.52%-$119.58M-21.93x0.06
United States
IMRX
IMMUNEERING CORP
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$46.29M$1.298.40%-$60.32M-0.63x0.27
United States
LRMR
LARIMAR THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$183.12M$2.867.92%-$95.11M-1.91x0.18
United States
RXRX
RECURSION PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$2.21B$5.50-1.61%-$411.68M-3.25x0.40
United States
JSPR
JASPER THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$80.82M$5.38-2.00%-$69.41M-1.10x0.30
United States
LPTX
LEAP THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$17.12M$0.42-0.72%-$66.97M-0.23x0.40
United States
LPCN
LIPOCINE INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$19.05M$3.567.55%$50.14kN/A0.07
United States
LIXT
LIXTE BIOTECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$3.38M$1.260.00%-$3.57M-0.79x0.39
United States
KZR
KEZAR LIFE SCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$32.15M$4.400.46%-$81.10M-0.38x0.24
United States
KRON
KRONOS BIO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$43.53M$0.71-20.04%-$84.36M-0.50x0.42
United States
VXRT
VAXART INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$97.79M$0.43-2.50%-$57.84M-1.30x1.82
United States
CSCI
COSCIENS BIOPHARMA INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$11.78M$3.758.70%-$13.49M-0.63x1.67
Canada
KPRX
KIORA PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$9.85M$3.281.99%$5.75M3.53x0.42
United States
JUNS
JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$20.92M$0.63-2.32%-$2.19M-7.90x0.49
United States
LEXX
LEXARIA BIOSCIENCE CORP
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$21.60M$1.236.03%-$9.28M-2.08x0.27
Canada
GDTC
CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$26.54M$2.30-2.95%-$1.65M-13.69x0.11
Singapore
PLUR
PLURI INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$33.38M$4.77-1.04%-$20.42M-1.29x-4.21
Israel
PMVP
PMV PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$51.93M$1.001.01%-$73.91M-0.88x0.09
United States
IVA
INVENTIVA SA
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$334.82M$3.50-5.41%-$99.76M-1.02x-2.12
France
ATHE
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$36.71M$3.45-0.29%N/A-2.77x0.36
Australia
KAPA
KAIROS PHARMA LTD
NYSEMKT
Biotechnology
$13.10M$0.79-3.21%-$2.57M-3.41x0.21
United States
IPHA
INNATE PHARMA SA
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$185.68M$2.22-0.67%-$49.43M-3.20x11.57
France
SWTX
SPRINGWORKS THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$3.46B$46.21-0.19%-$252.88M-13.28x0.22
United States
SNSE
SENSEI BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$10.08M$0.40-0.74%-$27.19M-0.33x0.18
United States
IOBT
IO BIOTECH INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$66.54M$1.014.12%-$93.20M-0.70x0.44
Denmark
INKT
MINK THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$29.35M$7.40-0.70%-$10.57M-2.59x-1.29
United States
SPRC
SCISPARC LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$3.03M$0.282.19%$1.96M-0.79x0.17
Israel
INDP
INDAPTUS THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$6.78M$0.472.17%-$15.02M-0.29x0.86
Israel
INAB
IN8BIO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$13.81M$0.170.59%-$27.78M-0.30x0.45
United States
IMRN
IMMURON LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$10.33M$1.81-3.62%N/A-2.24x0.18
Australia
XBIO
XENETIC BIOSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$4.21M$2.73-3.87%-$3.96M-1.06x0.15
United States
IKNA
IKENA ONCOLOGY INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$58.87M$1.22-3.94%-$46.54M-1.20x0.12
United States
IGC
IGC PHARMA INC
NYSEMKT
Biotechnology
$24.46M$0.311.32%-$8.18M-2.79x0.45
United States
CLDI
CALIDI BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC
NYSEMKT
Biotechnology
$13.72M$0.480.00%-$19.66M-0.16x7.96
United States
HOOK
HOOKIPA PHARMA INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$15.92M$1.3238.95%-$40.85M-0.38x0.61
United States
HEPA
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$3.20M$0.291.04%-$14.88M-0.00x-1.87
United States
GRCE
GRACE THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$27.48M$2.713.83%-$16.92M-2.34x0.17
Canada
GNTA
GENENTA SCIENCE SPA
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$72.61M$3.972.06%-$9.64M-7.45x0.19
Italy
GLYC
GLYCOMIMETICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$16.97M$0.264.37%-$37.44M-0.45x1.09
United States
NBY
NOVABAY PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NYSEMKT
Biotechnology
$3.43M$0.591.55%-$6.84M-0.23x-27.54
United States
GLTO
GALECTO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$3.97M$3.007.14%-$21.22M-0.16x0.08
United States
GNFT
GENFIT SA
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$203.98M$4.08-0.37%$9.48M120.00x1.19
France
GLMD
GALMED PHARMACEUTICALS LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$2.12M$1.28-1.54%-$7.95M-0.16x0.13
Israel
ENLV
ENLIVEX THERAPEUTICS LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$24.83M$1.052.94%-$15.34M-1.44x0.17
Israel
SLRX
SALARIUS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.20M$0.69-2.82%-$5.57M-0.12x1.00
United States

Biotech Stocks FAQ

What are the best biotech stocks to buy right now in May 2025?

According to Zen Ratings, our proprietary rating system that evaluates 115 factors proven to drive growth in stocks and assigns each stock in our system an overall letter grade as well as 7 individual Component Grades for Value, Growth, Momentum, Sentiment, Safety, Financials, and proprietary AI algorithms, the 3 best biotechnology stocks to buy right now are:

1. Protalix Biotherapeutics (NYSEMKT:PLX)


Protalix Biotherapeutics (NYSEMKT:PLX) is the #1 top biotech stock out of 661 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Protalix Biotherapeutics (NYSEMKT:PLX) is: Value: B, Growth: A, Momentum: B, Sentiment: A, Safety: C, Financials: B, and AI: B.

Protalix Biotherapeutics (NYSEMKT:PLX) has a Due Diligence Score of 23, which is -1 points lower than the biotech industry average of 24. Although this number is below the industry average, our proven quant model rates PLX as a "A".

PLX passed 7 out of 33 due diligence checks and has weak fundamentals. Protalix Biotherapeutics has seen its stock return 147.93% over the past year, overperforming other biotech stocks by 225 percentage points.

Protalix Biotherapeutics has an average 1 year price target of $15.00, an upside of 400% from Protalix Biotherapeutics's current stock price of $3.00.

Protalix Biotherapeutics stock has a consensus Buy recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 1 analyst covering Protalix Biotherapeutics, 0% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 100% have issued a Buy, 0% have issued a hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

2. Aurinia Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AUPH)


Aurinia Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AUPH) is the #2 top biotech stock out of 661 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Aurinia Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AUPH) is: Value: B, Growth: A, Momentum: C, Sentiment: A, Safety: C, Financials: B, and AI: C.

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AUPH) has a Due Diligence Score of 57, which is 33 points higher than the biotech industry average of 24.

AUPH passed 19 out of 33 due diligence checks and has strong fundamentals. Aurinia Pharmaceuticals has seen its stock return 57.69% over the past year, overperforming other biotech stocks by 135 percentage points.

3. Catalyst Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:CPRX)


Catalyst Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:CPRX) is the #3 top biotech stock out of 661 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Catalyst Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:CPRX) is: Value: A, Growth: C, Momentum: C, Sentiment: A, Safety: D, Financials: A, and AI: B.

Catalyst Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:CPRX) has a Due Diligence Score of 76, which is 52 points higher than the biotech industry average of 24.

CPRX passed 25 out of 33 due diligence checks and has strong fundamentals. Catalyst Pharmaceuticals has seen its stock return 59.67% over the past year, overperforming other biotech stocks by 137 percentage points.

Catalyst Pharmaceuticals has an average 1 year price target of $33.20, an upside of 36.79% from Catalyst Pharmaceuticals's current stock price of $24.27.

Catalyst Pharmaceuticals stock has a consensus Strong Buy recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 5 analysts covering Catalyst Pharmaceuticals, 60% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 40% have issued a Buy, 0% have issued a hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

What are the biotech stocks with highest dividends?

Out of 5 biotech stocks that have issued dividends in the past year, the 3 biotech stocks with the highest dividend yields are:

1. Dominari Holdings (NASDAQ:DOMH)


Dominari Holdings (NASDAQ:DOMH) has an annual dividend yield of 6.27%, which is 4 percentage points higher than the biotech industry average of 1.81%.

Dominari Holdings's dividend payout ratio of -13.4% indicates that its high dividend yield might not be sustainable for the long-term.

2. Novo Nordisk (Ozempic) (NYSE:NVO)


Novo Nordisk (Ozempic) (NYSE:NVO) has an annual dividend yield of 2.46%, which is 1 percentage points higher than the biotech industry average of 1.81%. Novo Nordisk (Ozempic)'s dividend payout is not stable, having dropped more than 10% ten times in the last 10 years. Novo Nordisk (Ozempic)'s dividend has shown consistent growth over the last 10 years.

Novo Nordisk (Ozempic)'s dividend payout ratio of 45.5% indicates that its dividend yield is sustainable for the long-term.

3. Royalty Pharma (NASDAQ:RPRX)


Royalty Pharma (NASDAQ:RPRX) has an annual dividend yield of 1.32%, which is the same as the biotech industry average of 1.81%. Royalty Pharma's dividend payout is stable, having never dropped by more than 10% in the last 10 years. Royalty Pharma's dividend has shown consistent growth over the last 10 years.

Royalty Pharma's dividend payout ratio of 43.8% indicates that its dividend yield is sustainable for the long-term.

Why are biotech stocks down?

Biotech stocks were down -0.68% in the last day, and up 1.97% over the last week. Arvinas was the among the top losers in the biotechnology industry, dropping -24.84% yesterday.

Arvinas shares are trading lower. The company reported Q1 financial results.

What are the most undervalued biotech stocks?

Based on the Valuation rating, one of the 7 components of a stocks overall Zen Ratings grade, which evaluates factors including estimated earnings yield, earnings before interest and taxes/enterprise value, cash flow yield, free cash flow to price, and price-to-earnings growth (PEG ratio), the 3 most undervalued biotech stocks right now are:

1. Puma Biotechnology (NASDAQ:PBYI)


Puma Biotechnology (NASDAQ:PBYI) is the most undervalued biotech stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Puma Biotechnology has a valuation score of 43, which is 29 points higher than the biotech industry average of 14. It passed 3 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Puma Biotechnology's stock has dropped -37.78% in the past year. It has overperformed other stocks in the biotech industry by 39 percentage points.

2. Harmony Biosciences Holdings (NASDAQ:HRMY)


Harmony Biosciences Holdings (NASDAQ:HRMY) is the second most undervalued biotech stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Harmony Biosciences Holdings has a valuation score of 71, which is 57 points higher than the biotech industry average of 14. It passed 5 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Harmony Biosciences Holdings's stock has dropped -1.35% in the past year. It has overperformed other stocks in the biotech industry by 76 percentage points.

3. Jazz Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:JAZZ)


Jazz Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:JAZZ) is the third most undervalued biotech stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Jazz Pharmaceuticals has a valuation score of 71, which is 57 points higher than the biotech industry average of 14. It passed 5 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Jazz Pharmaceuticals's stock has gained 6.23% in the past year. It has overperformed other stocks in the biotech industry by 83 percentage points.

Are biotech stocks a good buy now?

54.79% of biotech stocks rated by analysts are a strong buy right now. On average, analysts expect biotech stocks to rise by 102% over the next year.

1.74% of biotech stocks have a Zen Rating of A (Strong Buy), 4.13% of biotech stocks are rated B (Buy), 42.39% are rated C (Hold), 35.87% are rated D (Sell), and 15.87% are rated F (Strong Sell).

What is the average p/e ratio of the biotechnology industry?

The average P/E ratio of the biotechnology industry is -169.39x.
WallStreetZen does not provide financial advice and does not issue recommendations or offers to buy stock or sell any security.

Information is provided 'as-is' and solely for informational purposes and is not advice. WallStreetZen does not bear any responsibility for any losses or damage that may occur as a result of reliance on this data.