Sectors & IndustriesHealthcareBiotechnology
Best Biotech Stocks to Buy Now (2025)
Top biotech stocks in 2025 ranked by overall Zen Rating. "A" Rated stocks have returned an average of +32.52% per year, and are the best biotech stocks to buy now. Learn More.

Industry: Biotechnology
F
Biotech is Zen Rated F and is the 140th ranked industry out of 145 stock market industries
Learn how the Zen Ratings work
Ticker
Company
Exchange
Industry
Zen Rating
Market Cap
Price
1d %
EBITDA
P/E
D/E
Country
DD Score
CING
CINGULATE INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$17.83M$4.20-4.55%-$15.72M-0.50x1.10
United States
QURE
UNIQURE NV
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$839.84M$15.34-4.07%-$138.01M-3.49x16.97
Netherlands
SYRE
SPYRE THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.04B$17.29-2.37%-$208.93M-5.69x0.18
United States
CRVO
CERVOMED INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$61.96M$7.12-6.56%-$18.67M-3.27x0.11
United States
DNA
GINKGO BIOWORKS HOLDINGS INC
NYSE
Biotechnology
$523.27M$8.94-3.77%-$377.05M-0.98x1.00
United States
ALDX
ALDEYRA THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$166.51M$2.78-5.12%-$55.54M-2.87x0.47
United States
OTLK
OUTLOOK THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$61.09M$1.82-1.09%$21.26M0.96x-1.59
United States
ROIV
ROIVANT SCIENCES LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$7.70B$11.32-1.31%-$102.89M-47.17x0.05
Bermuda
QNRX
QUOIN PHARMACEUTICALS LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$8.63M$8.38-1.06%-$10.35MN/A1.19
Israel
MAZE
MAZE THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$586.88M$13.40-1.11%N/AN/A0.14
United States
PHAT
PHATHOM PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$742.82M$10.646.08%-$272.12M-2.05x-1.87
United States
SPRY
ARS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.51B$15.396.88%-$15.01M-90.53x0.43
United States
IBIO
IBIO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$15.33M$0.93-9.90%-$19.64M-2.99x0.68
United States
SVRA
SAVARA INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$381.97M$2.21-2.21%-$101.90M-4.60x0.28
United States
ANRO
ALTO NEUROSCIENCE INC
NYSE
Biotechnology
$65.24M$2.41-1.63%-$60.53M-1.03x0.24
United States
KTTA
PASITHEA THERAPEUTICS CORP
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$5.85M$0.79-5.19%-$12.96M-0.07x0.13
United States
IOBT
IO BIOTECH INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$88.94M$1.35-10.00%-$96.42M-0.91x0.73
Denmark
CRVS
CORVUS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$323.11M$4.19-1.18%-$41.32M-6.76x0.21
United States
NNVC
NANOVIRICIDES INC
NYSEMKT
Biotechnology
$24.27M$1.510.00%-$8.95M-2.16x0.14
United States
STRO
SUTRO BIOPHARMA INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$67.48M$0.80-1.48%-$205.86M-0.27x-13.45
United States
ACET
ADICET BIO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$62.03M$0.75-3.85%-$107.56M-0.58x0.19
United States
SNDX
SYNDAX PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$881.99M$10.25-3.94%-$317.31M-2.66x1.98
United States
ALEC
ALECTOR INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$153.99M$1.54-4.94%-$114.92M-1.23x3.32
United States
TARA
PROTARA THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$121.15M$3.14-3.68%-$45.08M-1.88x0.06
United States
BEAM
BEAM THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.72B$17.06-2.18%-$355.61M-3.70x0.31
United States
RVMD
REVOLUTION MEDICINES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$7.56B$40.59-1.26%-$685.48M-10.12x0.14
United States
DMAC
DIAMEDICA THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$156.52M$3.65-6.41%-$26.83M-5.70x0.14
United States
IOVA
IOVANCE BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$748.01M$2.24-3.03%-$333.86M-1.82x0.26
United States
XBIT
XBIOTECH INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$80.49M$2.64-4.35%-$37.19M-2.05x0.04
United States
ARDX
ARDELYX INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$861.32M$3.60-3.23%-$31.70M-16.36x1.82
United States
IRON
DISC MEDICINE INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.86B$53.711.90%-$114.00M-13.70x0.07
United States
PCVX
VAXCYTE INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$4.46B$34.560.29%-$492.00M-8.66x0.06
United States
VSTM
VERASTEM INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$307.72M$5.60-4.76%-$145.19M-1.64x-5.06
United States
SRRK
SCHOLAR ROCK HOLDING CORP
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$3.08B$32.45-2.61%-$257.58M-12.78x0.31
United States
MURA
MURAL ONCOLOGY PLC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$42.48M$2.46-2.77%-$127.22M-0.32x0.22
Ireland
CRNX
CRINETICS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$2.98B$31.77-1.24%-$321.95M-8.34x0.09
United States
KYTX
KYVERNA THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$139.16M$3.22-6.94%-$140.42M-0.95x0.16
United States
ANVS
ANNOVIS BIO INC
NYSE
Biotechnology
$54.76M$2.81-4.42%-$29.06M-1.33x0.11
United States
THRD
THIRD HARMONIC BIO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$245.04M$5.430.37%-$52.65M-4.41x0.03
United States
TVGN
TEVOGEN BIO HOLDINGS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$228.03M$1.24-2.36%-$31.43M-6.20x-1.53
United States
VYGR
VOYAGER THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$182.61M$3.30-8.33%-$78.24M-2.24x0.30
United States
IMRX
IMMUNEERING CORP
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$68.37M$1.90-3.06%-$61.07M-0.96x0.21
United States
TYRA
TYRA BIOSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$554.65M$10.430.97%-$95.90M-6.40x0.06
United States
ELVN
ENLIVEN THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.08B$21.9111.44%-$93.96M-11.41x0.05
United States
RANI
RANI THERAPEUTICS HOLDINGS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$30.21M$0.53-6.25%-$22.18M-0.53x-9.65
United States
OSTX
OS THERAPIES INC
NYSEMKT
Biotechnology
$51.14M$1.82-1.09%-$10.07M-2.12x-0.87
United States
PTIX
PROTAGENIC THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.96M$3.32-5.68%-$5.19M-0.25x-12.19
United States
OLMA
OLEMA PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$285.32M$4.172.71%-$127.31M-2.19x0.07
United States
APVO
APTEVO THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.78M$4.39-8.16%-$23.40M0.02x-6.66
United States
ACLX
ARCELLX INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$3.64B$66.00-0.77%-$186.73M-22.07x0.56
United States
PRQR
PROQR THERAPEUTICS NV
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$202.50M$1.88-3.09%-$30.14M-5.16x0.92
Netherlands
TNYA
TENAYA THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$96.30M$0.59-1.50%-$93.61M-0.51x0.21
United States
RZLT
REZOLUTE INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$359.18M$4.20-4.55%-$72.45M-3.65x0.15
United States
BCAX
BICARA THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$591.17M$10.84-6.31%N/AN/A0.04
United States
ALMS
ALUMIS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$170.83M$3.14-1.26%-$339.80M-0.12x0.55
United States
AURA
AURA BIOSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$322.73M$6.42-3.75%-$91.91M-3.38x0.21
United States
APLS
APELLIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$2.37B$18.83-2.23%-$176.07M-10.52x3.92
United States
FDMT
4D MOLECULAR THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$203.37M$4.39-2.44%-$169.57M-1.38x0.10
United States
NTLA
INTELLIA THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$860.78M$8.31-0.48%-$515.64M-1.59x0.26
United States
SGMT
SAGIMET BIOSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$266.26M$8.27-3.95%-$56.97M-4.70x0.05
United States
BCTX
BRIACELL THERAPEUTICS CORP
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$11.57M$3.12-11.61%$1.26M-0.62x1.90
Canada
TELO
TELOMIR PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$58.33M$1.96-2.00%-$12.53M-4.67x-4.05
United States
CRSP
CRISPR THERAPEUTICS AG
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$3.57B$41.360.19%-$362.52M-9.19x0.18
Switzerland
ARTV
ARTIVA BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$48.24M$1.98-3.41%-$69.25M-0.09x0.13
United States
VERA
VERA THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.45B$22.740.98%-$164.28M-7.58x0.14
United States
NKTX
NKARTA INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$131.98M$1.86-2.62%-$99.88M-1.24x0.24
United States
VRDN
VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.30B$15.881.34%-$304.58M-5.07x0.09
United States
ONCY
ONCOLYTICS BIOTECH INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$52.54M$0.615.37%-$22.13M-2.13x2.03
Canada
IMTX
IMMATICS NV
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$743.89M$6.12-0.33%-$6.10M-36.21x0.20
Germany
JANX
JANUX THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.47B$24.90-2.58%-$75.70M-18.44x0.04
United States
NUVL
NUVALENT INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$5.62B$78.240.42%-$300.32M-17.78x0.09
United States
KALV
KALVISTA PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$644.31M$12.96-0.99%-$167.88M-3.44x0.90
United States
ABOS
ACUMEN PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$64.81M$1.07-6.14%-$111.98M-0.55x0.32
United States
AGIO
AGIOS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.99B$34.30-0.58%$727.56M2.93x0.06
United States
IMVT
IMMUNOVANT INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$2.68B$15.66-1.76%-$412.44M-5.74x0.10
United States
ALXO
ALX ONCOLOGY HOLDINGS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$27.36M$0.51-5.36%-$127.45M-0.21x0.37
United States
AVBP
ARRIVENT BIOPHARMA INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$796.13M$23.27-1.52%-$127.46M-6.17x0.06
United States
IMUX
IMMUNIC INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$77.13M$0.81-4.62%-$96.19M-0.85x-4.88
Germany
CGEM
CULLINAN THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$508.12M$8.61-3.80%-$178.31M-3.24x0.05
United States
RCKT
ROCKET PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$315.67M$2.93-4.56%-$246.03M-1.11x0.14
United States
LGVN
LONGEVERON INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$19.51M$1.30-1.52%-$15.80M-0.54x0.22
United States
CYTK
CYTOKINETICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$4.11B$34.383.55%-$566.29M-6.50x-5.75
United States
ENGN
ENGENE HOLDINGS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$170.18M$3.332.46%-$76.07M-2.02x0.17
Canada
KPTI
KARYOPHARM THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$37.93M$4.390.69%-$19.64M-0.54x-1.62
United States
CYBN
CYBIN INC
NYSEMKT
Biotechnology
$167.01M$8.35-3.47%-$71.77M-2.45x0.06
Canada
CRBP
CORBUS PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$108.05M$8.83-3.71%-$48.74M-2.10x0.10
United States
SLXN
SILEXION THERAPEUTICS CORP
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$7.61M$0.88-1.24%-$12.28M-0.02x2.21
Israel
PLRZ
POLYRIZON LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$14.01k$0.84-21.96%-$1.18M-0.01x0.05
United States
CLYM
CLIMB BIO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$85.15M$1.26-1.56%-$92.81M-0.57x0.04
United States
DNTH
DIANTHUS THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$588.85M$18.31-5.08%-$100.29M-6.34x0.06
United States
SANA
SANA BIOTECHNOLOGY INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$584.19M$2.591.97%-$182.80M-2.94x1.13
United States
ZNTL
ZENTALIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$96.42M$1.34-8.22%-$222.93M-0.43x0.30
United States
PHVS
PHARVARIS NV
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$910.04M$16.70-3.08%-$189.22M-5.29x0.10
Netherlands
GRI
GRI BIO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$2.78M$1.30-7.14%-$9.38M-0.02x2.35
United States
TPST
TEMPEST THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$24.34M$6.61-7.03%-$42.18M-0.37x1.89
United States
MGX
METAGENOMI INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$53.46M$1.43-1.38%-$73.08M-0.68x0.40
United States
DSGN
DESIGN THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$217.99M$3.84-1.79%-$55.59M-3.88x0.04
United States
FBLG
FIBROBIOLOGICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$30.95M$0.81-7.33%-$7.05M-3.85x3.86
United States
GUTS
FRACTYL HEALTH INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$100.89M$2.06-5.07%-$86.61M-1.11x12.03
United States
DNLI
DENALI THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$2.11B$14.55-2.51%-$443.83M-5.43x0.13
United States

Biotech Stocks FAQ

What are the best biotech stocks to buy right now in Jun 2025?

According to Zen Ratings, our proprietary rating system that evaluates 115 factors proven to drive growth in stocks and assigns each stock in our system an overall letter grade as well as 7 individual Component Grades for Value, Growth, Momentum, Sentiment, Safety, Financials, and proprietary AI algorithms, the 3 best biotechnology stocks to buy right now are:

1. Aurinia Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AUPH)


Aurinia Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AUPH) is the #1 top biotech stock out of 653 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Aurinia Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AUPH) is: Value: B, Growth: B, Momentum: C, Sentiment: A, Safety: C, Financials: A, and AI: C.

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AUPH) has a Due Diligence Score of 62, which is 38 points higher than the biotech industry average of 24.

AUPH passed 20 out of 33 due diligence checks and has strong fundamentals. Aurinia Pharmaceuticals has seen its stock return 52.9% over the past year, overperforming other biotech stocks by 129 percentage points.

2. Exelixis (NASDAQ:EXEL)


Exelixis (NASDAQ:EXEL) is the #2 top biotech stock out of 653 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Exelixis (NASDAQ:EXEL) is: Value: A, Growth: C, Momentum: C, Sentiment: A, Safety: C, Financials: A, and AI: C.

Exelixis (NASDAQ:EXEL) has a Due Diligence Score of 67, which is 43 points higher than the biotech industry average of 24.

EXEL passed 22 out of 33 due diligence checks and has strong fundamentals. Exelixis has seen its stock return 89.39% over the past year, overperforming other biotech stocks by 166 percentage points.

Exelixis has an average 1 year price target of $39.94, a downside of -3.97% from Exelixis's current stock price of $41.59.

Exelixis stock has a consensus Buy recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 16 analysts covering Exelixis, 31.25% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 18.75% have issued a Buy, 50% have issued a hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

3. Catalyst Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:CPRX)


Catalyst Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:CPRX) is the #3 top biotech stock out of 653 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Catalyst Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:CPRX) is: Value: A, Growth: C, Momentum: C, Sentiment: A, Safety: D, Financials: A, and AI: C.

Catalyst Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:CPRX) has a Due Diligence Score of 73, which is 49 points higher than the biotech industry average of 24.

CPRX passed 24 out of 33 due diligence checks and has strong fundamentals. Catalyst Pharmaceuticals has seen its stock return 53.49% over the past year, overperforming other biotech stocks by 130 percentage points.

Catalyst Pharmaceuticals has an average 1 year price target of $32.50, an upside of 38.12% from Catalyst Pharmaceuticals's current stock price of $23.53.

Catalyst Pharmaceuticals stock has a consensus Strong Buy recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 4 analysts covering Catalyst Pharmaceuticals, 50% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 50% have issued a Buy, 0% have issued a hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

What are the biotech stocks with highest dividends?

Out of 5 biotech stocks that have issued dividends in the past year, the 3 biotech stocks with the highest dividend yields are:

1. Dominari Holdings (NASDAQ:DOMH)


Dominari Holdings (NASDAQ:DOMH) has an annual dividend yield of 6.58%, which is 5 percentage points higher than the biotech industry average of 1.63%.

Dominari Holdings's dividend payout ratio of -7.1% indicates that its high dividend yield might not be sustainable for the long-term.

2. Novo Nordisk (Ozempic) (NYSE:NVO)


Novo Nordisk (Ozempic) (NYSE:NVO) has an annual dividend yield of 2.02%, which is the same as the biotech industry average of 1.63%. Novo Nordisk (Ozempic)'s dividend payout is not stable, having dropped more than 10% ten times in the last 10 years. Novo Nordisk (Ozempic)'s dividend has shown consistent growth over the last 10 years.

Novo Nordisk (Ozempic)'s dividend payout ratio of 45.2% indicates that its dividend yield is sustainable for the long-term.

3. Royalty Pharma (NASDAQ:RPRX)


Royalty Pharma (NASDAQ:RPRX) has an annual dividend yield of 1.87%, which is the same as the biotech industry average of 1.63%. Royalty Pharma's dividend payout is stable, having never dropped by more than 10% in the last 10 years. Royalty Pharma's dividend has shown consistent growth over the last 10 years.

Royalty Pharma's dividend payout ratio of 34.4% indicates that its dividend yield is sustainable for the long-term.

Why are biotech stocks down?

Biotech stocks were down -1.4% in the last day, and down -1.07% over the last week. Biorestorative Therapies was the among the top losers in the biotechnology industry, dropping -16% yesterday.

BioRestorative Therapies shares are trading lower. The company announced the presentation of promising preliminary blinded data from the first 36 subjects in its ongoing Phase 2 clinical trial of BRTX-100.

What are the most undervalued biotech stocks?

Based on the Valuation rating, one of the 7 components of a stocks overall Zen Ratings grade, which evaluates factors including estimated earnings yield, earnings before interest and taxes/enterprise value, cash flow yield, free cash flow to price, and price-to-earnings growth (PEG ratio), the 3 most undervalued biotech stocks right now are:

1. Puma Biotechnology (NASDAQ:PBYI)


Puma Biotechnology (NASDAQ:PBYI) is the most undervalued biotech stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Puma Biotechnology has a valuation score of 43, which is 28 points higher than the biotech industry average of 15. It passed 3 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Puma Biotechnology's stock has gained 0.9% in the past year. It has overperformed other stocks in the biotech industry by 77 percentage points.

2. Harmony Biosciences Holdings (NASDAQ:HRMY)


Harmony Biosciences Holdings (NASDAQ:HRMY) is the second most undervalued biotech stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Harmony Biosciences Holdings has a valuation score of 71, which is 56 points higher than the biotech industry average of 15. It passed 5 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Harmony Biosciences Holdings's stock has gained 10.79% in the past year. It has overperformed other stocks in the biotech industry by 87 percentage points.

3. United Therapeutics (NASDAQ:UTHR)


United Therapeutics (NASDAQ:UTHR) is the third most undervalued biotech stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

United Therapeutics has a valuation score of 71, which is 56 points higher than the biotech industry average of 15. It passed 5 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

United Therapeutics's stock has dropped -1.47% in the past year. It has overperformed other stocks in the biotech industry by 75 percentage points.

Are biotech stocks a good buy now?

53.31% of biotech stocks rated by analysts are a strong buy right now. On average, analysts expect biotech stocks to rise by 99.94% over the next year.

2.39% of biotech stocks have a Zen Rating of A (Strong Buy), 4.56% of biotech stocks are rated B (Buy), 35.57% are rated C (Hold), 36.66% are rated D (Sell), and 20.82% are rated F (Strong Sell).

What is the average p/e ratio of the biotechnology industry?

The average P/E ratio of the biotechnology industry is -108.97x.
WallStreetZen does not provide financial advice and does not issue recommendations or offers to buy stock or sell any security.

Information is provided 'as-is' and solely for informational purposes and is not advice. WallStreetZen does not bear any responsibility for any losses or damage that may occur as a result of reliance on this data.