Sectors & IndustriesHealthcareBiotechnology
Best Biotech Stocks to Buy Now (2025)
Top biotech stocks in 2025 ranked by overall Zen Rating. "A" Rated stocks have returned an average of +32.52% per year, and are the best biotech stocks to buy now. Learn More.

Industry: Biotechnology
F
Biotech is Zen Rated F and is the 133rd ranked industry out of 145 stock market industries
Learn how the Zen Ratings work
Ticker
Company
Exchange
Industry
Zen Rating
Market Cap
Price
1d %
EBITDA
P/E
D/E
Country
DD Score
XNCR
XENCOR INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.18B$16.52-3.17%-$84.93M-9.55x0.39
United States
LXEO
LEXEO THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$713.09M$9.77-0.31%-$102.80M-3.62x0.19
United States
BBIO
BRIDGEBIO PHARMA INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$14.48B$75.151.46%-$664.27M-17.89x-1.51
United States
CGEN
COMPUGEN LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$143.11M$1.53-4.38%N/A-5.10x1.23
Israel
PHAT
PHATHOM PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.04B$14.56-0.07%-$203.56M-3.86x-1.57
United States
TECH
BIO-TECHNE CORP
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$9.12B$58.51-2.90%$220.90M117.02x0.29
United States
NVO
NOVO NORDISK A S
NYSE
Biotechnology
$222.97B$50.18-0.22%$24.81B13.95x2.02
Denmark
IONS
IONIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$13.09B$80.822.12%-$147.39M-50.20x3.91
United States
CYPH
CYPHERPUNK TECHNOLOGIES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$81.58M$1.44-8.86%-$50.49M-1.18x3.23
United States
UPB
UPSTREAM BIO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.47B$27.14-1.20%-$121.50M2.54x0.03
United States
SLGL
SOL-GEL TECHNOLOGIES LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$108.67M$39.01-7.78%N/AN/A0.33
Israel
GLTO
GALECTO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$42.47M$32.0010.31%-$15.87M-2.64x0.34
United States
ALDX
ALDEYRA THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$273.14M$4.54-1.09%-$41.04M-6.22x0.58
United States
RAPT
RAPT THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.02B$36.804.31%-$102.44M-3.16x0.09
United States
MDGL
MADRIGAL PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$12.98B$571.440.02%-$268.42M-44.33x1.18
United States
INSM
INSMED INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$42.02B$197.010.91%-$1.08B-31.93x1.50
United States
INBX
INHIBRX BIOSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.16B$79.57-3.21%-$141.66M-6.65x3.82
United States
LEGN
LEGEND BIOTECH CORP
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$4.12B$22.32-3.00%-$177.69M-17.17x0.69
United States
UNCY
UNICYCIVE THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$133.89M$6.23-2.81%-$32.86M-1.81x0.35
United States
TTRX
TURN THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$100.41M$3.416.23%N/AN/A7.53
United States
IVVD
INVIVYD INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$540.84M$2.32-2.52%-$56.67M-4.94x0.50
United States
LBRX
LB PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$483.85M$19.13-5.46%N/AN/A0.03
United States
CNTA
CENTESSA PHARMACEUTICALS PLC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$3.56B$26.51-2.47%-$227.27M-13.95x0.49
United Kingdom
PEPG
PEPGEN INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$389.11M$5.66-1.39%-$92.73M-2.01x0.17
United States
NUVB
NUVATION BIO INC
NYSE
Biotechnology
$2.89B$8.431.93%-$208.75M-17.20x0.85
United States
MLYS
MINERALYS THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$2.92B$36.902.36%-$171.30M-12.51x0.04
United States
URGN
UROGEN PHARMA LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.02B$21.80-2.50%-$144.14M-6.69x-2.60
Israel
ACOG
ALPHA COGNITION INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$115.45M$5.31-8.92%-$19.73M-3.88x0.37
Canada
ZBIO
ZENAS BIOPHARMA INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$2.18B$40.590.95%-$188.67M2.97x0.64
United States
PLX
PROTALIX BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC
NYSEMKT
Biotechnology
$143.95M$1.79-2.19%$8.87M25.57x0.56
Israel
COYA
COYA THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$129.31M$6.18-1.12%-$19.13M-5.57x0.17
United States
NXTC
NEXTCURE INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$29.85M$11.14-2.19%-$54.94M-0.46x0.68
United States
CGTX
COGNITION THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$149.18M$1.694.32%-$27.74M-3.52x0.19
United States
DAWN
DAY ONE BIOPHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$858.37M$8.36-0.71%-$141.73M-5.50x0.14
United States
CRVS
CORVUS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$625.09M$8.37-0.36%-$14.98M-49.24x0.12
United States
ADMA
ADMA BIOLOGICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$4.71B$19.78-2.94%$172.13M22.48x0.32
United States
HRTX
HERON THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$251.21M$1.370.00%-$8.74M-17.13x15.73
United States
DARE
DARE BIOSCIENCE INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$35.29M$2.4718.18%-$16.36M-1.31x9.76
United States
PLRZ
POLYRIZON LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$12.36M$12.611.65%-$3.13M-0.03x0.02
United States
TCRX
TSCAN THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$57.32M$1.01-5.61%-$136.89M-0.90x0.82
United States
PVLA
PALVELLA THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.17B$98.581.86%-$27.96M-60.85x0.73
United States
FGEN
FIBROGEN INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$33.90M$8.38-3.68%$216.43M0.16x-7.02
United States
ABUS
ARBUTUS BIOPHARMA CORP
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$905.85M$4.710.86%-$41.48M-20.48x0.26
Canada
SEER
SEER INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$98.19M$1.76-2.76%-$72.85M-1.29x0.14
United States
KURA
KURA ONCOLOGY INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$889.32M$10.22-2.29%-$212.24M-4.12x1.68
United States
ROIV
ROIVANT SCIENCES LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$15.37B$22.103.56%-$324.64M-39.46x0.06
Bermuda
PBM
PSYENCE BIOMEDICAL LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$2.96M$1.581.94%N/AN/A0.08
Canada
XLO
XILIO THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$35.75M$0.68-4.08%-$56.90M-1.08x-17.52
United States
PSTV
PLUS THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$94.00M$0.68-5.00%-$16.33M-0.40x2.69
United States
ANIX
ANIXA BIOSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$117.84M$3.58-25.42%-$11.08M-10.23x0.14
United States
ACIU
AC IMMUNE SA
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$317.82M$3.15-2.17%-$85.57M-3.54x1.75
Switzerland
QTTB
Q32 BIO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$36.42M$2.96-6.92%-$41.05M-0.87x-4.13
United States
ALLR
ALLARITY THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$18.03M$1.14-0.87%-$15.13M0.13x0.73
United States
COEP
COEPTIS THERAPEUTICS HOLDINGS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$80.80M$15.13-6.83%-$9.82M-3.51x0.32
United States
ZNTL
ZENTALIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$101.15M$1.40-3.45%-$148.62M-0.68x0.29
United States
DBVT
DBV TECHNOLOGIES SA
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$621.32M$18.37-5.43%-$121.87M-3.57x1.09
France
ERAS
ERASCA INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.02B$3.606.51%-$124.49M-8.37x0.21
United States
VTYX
VENTYX BIOSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$584.43M$8.19-3.65%-$105.29M-5.46x0.11
United States
IBRX
IMMUNITYBIO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$2.32B$2.367.76%-$203.60M-6.05x-1.99
United States
MGX
METAGENOMI INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$61.95M$1.65-5.17%-$79.41M-0.69x0.39
United States
SLS
SELLAS LIFE SCIENCES GROUP INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$289.16M$2.031.00%-$25.35M-7.25x0.13
United States
ACTU
ACTUATE THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$174.79M$7.521.35%-$24.10M21.49x0.62
United States
CVAC
CUREVAC NV
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.14B$5.05-1.37%$209.26M7.71x0.31
Germany
NCNA
NUCANA PLC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$0.00$3.72-8.15%-$20.68M0.01x0.25
United Kingdom
GALT
GALECTIN THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$402.95M$6.259.46%-$30.17M-10.59x-1.09
United States
PRTA
PROTHENA CORP PUBLIC LTD CO
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$557.68M$10.360.29%-$235.08M-1.99x0.20
Ireland
ALGS
ALIGOS THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$81.81M$13.3015.51%-$71.17M-1.06x0.53
United States
KZR
KEZAR LIFE SCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$45.70M$6.24-0.95%-$59.69M-0.74x0.18
United States
RANI
RANI THERAPEUTICS HOLDINGS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$162.83M$1.34-8.84%-$21.76M-1.70x-2.81
United States
OCGN
OCUGEN INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$424.76M$1.364.62%-$56.19M-6.18x15.30
United States
TNYA
TENAYA THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$141.53M$0.85-37.50%-$82.99M-1.10x0.27
United States
SYRE
SPYRE THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$2.61B$33.62-2.15%-$148.98M-16.56x0.11
United States
VTGN
VISTAGEN THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$167.86M$4.257.59%-$61.56M-2.23x0.22
United States
TRVI
TREVI THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.64B$12.77-3.04%-$45.74M-34.51x0.05
United States
PASG
PASSAGE BIO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$31.14M$9.80-8.29%-$43.99M-0.68x1.38
United States
EQ
EQUILLIUM INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$77.94M$1.28-4.48%-$23.93M-2.03x0.12
United States
ALT
ALTIMMUNE INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$549.42M$5.27-1.31%-$83.72M-4.93x0.18
United States
GERN
GERON CORP
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$868.16M$1.36-2.16%-$44.68M-11.33x1.28
United States
RGNX
REGENXBIO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$702.14M$13.877.94%-$120.00M-4.01x2.25
United States
CAMP
CAMP4 THERAPEUTICS CORP
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$304.26M$6.497.99%-$49.81M0.10x0.47
United States
ZLAB
ZAI LAB LTD
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.97B$17.77-0.28%-$178.37M-9.35x0.53
China
TNXP
TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$227.05M$19.28-1.78%-$97.29M0.07x0.09
United States
CMPX
COMPASS THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$917.77M$5.16-4.27%-$64.35M-11.47x0.10
United States
NAMS
NEWAMSTERDAM PHARMA CO NV
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$4.22B$37.252.99%-$256.82M-15.63x0.08
Netherlands
CRBU
CARIBOU BIOSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$167.31M$1.79-3.76%-$151.08M-1.05x0.38
United States
EDIT
EDITAS MEDICINE INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$246.98M$2.53-1.17%-$195.18M-1.06x14.00
United States
IBIO
IBIO INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$43.63M$1.94-19.83%-$18.78M-1.40x0.15
United States
JBIO
JADE BIOSCIENCES INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$689.14M$14.980.94%-$65.12M-1.43x0.13
United States
GRDX
GRIDAI TECHNOLOGIES CORP
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$9.88M$2.94-6.07%-$4.95M-0.24x2.03
United States
ADCT
ADC THERAPEUTICS SA
NYSE
Biotechnology
$524.00M$4.231.20%-$112.75M-2.96x-2.22
Switzerland
ANRO
ALTO NEUROSCIENCE INC
NYSE
Biotechnology
$470.03M$15.133.07%-$58.57M-6.61x0.32
United States
FULC
FULCRUM THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$703.54M$13.001.56%-$69.70M-11.40x0.08
United States
SVRA
SAVARA INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.41B$6.92-0.29%-$115.36M-13.06x0.49
United States
VYGR
VOYAGER THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$244.08M$4.39-0.45%-$118.43M-2.02x0.31
United States
LITS
LITE STRATEGY INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$62.90M$1.71-5.52%-$11.58M-1.31x0.01
United States
MREO
MEREO BIOPHARMA GROUP PLC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$345.32M$2.17-3.56%-$42.09M-7.23x0.15
United Kingdom
FATE
FATE THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$132.66M$1.153.60%-$141.44M-0.86x0.47
United States
OCS
OCULIS HOLDING AG
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$1.16B$20.73-0.72%-$127.15M-7.70x0.29
Switzerland
NRXP
NRX PHARMACEUTICALS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$58.16M$2.07-5.91%-$38.02M-0.88x-1.58
United States
APVO
APTEVO THERAPEUTICS INC
NASDAQ
Biotechnology
$19.04M$1.13-2.59%-$26.24M0.00x0.55
United States

Biotech Stocks FAQ

What are the best biotech stocks to buy right now in Dec 2025?

According to Zen Ratings, our proprietary rating system that evaluates 115 factors proven to drive growth in stocks and assigns each stock in our system an overall letter grade as well as 7 individual Component Grades for Value, Growth, Momentum, Sentiment, Safety, Financials, and proprietary AI algorithms, the 3 best biotechnology stocks to buy right now are:

1. Beone Medicines (NASDAQ:ONC)


Beone Medicines (NASDAQ:ONC) is the #1 top biotech stock out of 617 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Beone Medicines (NASDAQ:ONC) is: Value: B, Growth: A, Momentum: B, Sentiment: A, Safety: C, Financials: C, and AI: B.

Beone Medicines (NASDAQ:ONC) has a Due Diligence Score of 53, which is 30 points higher than the biotech industry average of 23.

ONC passed 18 out of 33 due diligence checks and has strong fundamentals. Beone Medicines has seen its stock return 76.99% over the past year, overperforming other biotech stocks by 122 percentage points.

Beone Medicines has an average 1 year price target of $390.88, an upside of 22.51% from Beone Medicines's current stock price of $319.06.

Beone Medicines stock has a consensus Strong Buy recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 8 analysts covering Beone Medicines, 75% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 25% have issued a Buy, 0% have issued a hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

2. Aurinia Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AUPH)


Aurinia Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AUPH) is the #2 top biotech stock out of 617 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Aurinia Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AUPH) is: Value: B, Growth: C, Momentum: B, Sentiment: B, Safety: C, Financials: A, and AI: B.

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AUPH) has a Due Diligence Score of 46, which is 23 points higher than the biotech industry average of 23.

AUPH passed 15 out of 33 due diligence checks and has strong fundamentals. Aurinia Pharmaceuticals has seen its stock return 63.57% over the past year, overperforming other biotech stocks by 109 percentage points.

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals has an average 1 year price target of $17.25, an upside of 8.83% from Aurinia Pharmaceuticals's current stock price of $15.85.

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals stock has a consensus Buy recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 4 analysts covering Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, 25% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 25% have issued a Buy, 50% have issued a hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

3. Innoviva (NASDAQ:INVA)


Innoviva (NASDAQ:INVA) is the #3 top biotech stock out of 617 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Innoviva (NASDAQ:INVA) is: Value: A, Growth: C, Momentum: C, Sentiment: B, Safety: C, Financials: A, and AI: C.

Innoviva (NASDAQ:INVA) has a Due Diligence Score of 45, which is 22 points higher than the biotech industry average of 23.

INVA passed 14 out of 33 due diligence checks and has strong fundamentals. Innoviva has seen its stock return 11.21% over the past year, overperforming other biotech stocks by 56 percentage points.

Innoviva has an average 1 year price target of $32.00, an upside of 55.11% from Innoviva's current stock price of $20.63.

Innoviva stock has a consensus Buy recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 4 analysts covering Innoviva, 25% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 50% have issued a Buy, 0% have issued a hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 25% have issued a Strong Sell.

What are the biotech stocks with highest dividends?

Out of 4 biotech stocks that have issued dividends in the past year, the 3 biotech stocks with the highest dividend yields are:

1. Dominari Holdings (NASDAQ:DOMH)


Dominari Holdings (NASDAQ:DOMH) has an annual dividend yield of 12.13%, which is 9 percentage points higher than the biotech industry average of 2.94%.

Dominari Holdings's dividend payout ratio of 8.4% indicates that its high dividend yield is sustainable for the long-term.

2. Royalty Pharma (NASDAQ:RPRX)


Royalty Pharma (NASDAQ:RPRX) has an annual dividend yield of 2.29%, which is -1 percentage points lower than the biotech industry average of 2.94%. Royalty Pharma's dividend payout is stable, having never dropped by more than 10% in the last 10 years. Royalty Pharma's dividend has shown consistent growth over the last 10 years.

Royalty Pharma's dividend payout ratio of 49.4% indicates that its dividend yield is sustainable for the long-term.

3. Bio Techne (NASDAQ:TECH)


Bio Techne (NASDAQ:TECH) has an annual dividend yield of 0.55%, which is -2 percentage points lower than the biotech industry average of 2.94%. Bio Techne's dividend payout is not stable, having dropped more than 10% one times in the last 10 years. Bio Techne's dividend has not shown consistent growth over the last 10 years.

Bio Techne's dividend payout ratio of 64% indicates that its dividend yield is sustainable for the long-term.

Why are biotech stocks down?

Biotech stocks were down -0.42% in the last day, and up 0.28% over the last week. Sonnet Biotherapeutics Holdings was the among the top losers in the biotechnology industry, dropping -59.35% yesterday.

Sonnet BioTherapeutics Holdings shares are trading lower after the company announced its stockholders approved a business combination with Hyperliquid Strategies and Rorschach I.

What are the most undervalued biotech stocks?

Based on the Valuation rating, one of the 7 components of a stocks overall Zen Ratings grade, which evaluates factors including estimated earnings yield, earnings before interest and taxes/enterprise value, cash flow yield, free cash flow to price, and price-to-earnings growth (PEG ratio), the 3 most undervalued biotech stocks right now are:

1. Harmony Biosciences Holdings (NASDAQ:HRMY)


Harmony Biosciences Holdings (NASDAQ:HRMY) is the most undervalued biotech stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Harmony Biosciences Holdings has a valuation score of 57, which is 42 points higher than the biotech industry average of 15. It passed 4 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Harmony Biosciences Holdings's stock has gained 27.15% in the past year. It has overperformed other stocks in the biotech industry by 72 percentage points.

2. Puma Biotechnology (NASDAQ:PBYI)


Puma Biotechnology (NASDAQ:PBYI) is the second most undervalued biotech stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Puma Biotechnology has a valuation score of 43, which is 28 points higher than the biotech industry average of 15. It passed 3 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Puma Biotechnology's stock has gained 100.68% in the past year. It has overperformed other stocks in the biotech industry by 146 percentage points.

3. Innoviva (NASDAQ:INVA)


Innoviva (NASDAQ:INVA) is the third most undervalued biotech stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Innoviva has a valuation score of 43, which is 28 points higher than the biotech industry average of 15. It passed 3 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Innoviva's stock has gained 11.21% in the past year. It has overperformed other stocks in the biotech industry by 56 percentage points.

Are biotech stocks a good buy now?

59.96% of biotech stocks rated by analysts are a strong buy right now. On average, analysts expect biotech stocks to rise by 47.99% over the next year.

3.31% of biotech stocks have a Zen Rating of A (Strong Buy), 6.42% of biotech stocks are rated B (Buy), 44.93% are rated C (Hold), 32.3% are rated D (Sell), and 13.04% are rated F (Strong Sell).

What is the average p/e ratio of the biotechnology industry?

The average P/E ratio of the biotechnology industry is 155.66x.
WallStreetZen does not provide financial advice and does not issue recommendations or offers to buy stock or sell any security.

Information is provided 'as-is' and solely for informational purposes and is not advice. WallStreetZen does not bear any responsibility for any losses or damage that may occur as a result of reliance on this data.