Sectors & IndustriesHealthcare
Best Healthcare Stocks to Buy Now (2025)
Top healthcare stocks in 2025 ranked by overall Due Diligence Score. See the best healthcare stocks to buy now, according to analyst forecasts for the healthcare sector.

Sector: Healthcare
Ticker
Company
Market Cap
Price
Price Target
Upside/Downside
Top Analysts Upside/Downside
Consensus
Top Analysts Consensus
Analysts
Top Analysts
Fore. Revenue Growth
Fore. Earnings Growth
Forecast ROE
Forecast ROA
CAPR
CAPRICOR THERAPEUTICS INC
$256.02M$5.60$21.80289.29%Strong Buy5129.77%N/A34.20%22.68%
ANNX
ANNEXON INC
$324.20M$2.71$14.00416.61%Buy1N/AN/A40.82%28.76%
OTLK
OUTLOOK THERAPEUTICS INC
$69.74M$1.57$4.00154.78%Hold3237.46%N/AN/A-111.29%
AMIX
AUTONOMIX MEDICAL INC
$5.01M$0.73N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A-221.25%-179.77%
AUTL
AUTOLUS THERAPEUTICS PLC
$364.62M$1.37$7.50447.45%Strong Buy275.22%N/A-13.71%-5.50%
MNMD
MIND MEDICINE (MINDMED) INC
$1.12B$11.35$23.60107.93%Strong Buy5N/AN/A-82.32%-45.38%
REPL
REPLIMUNE GROUP INC
$705.21M$8.99$12.0033.48%Buy8N/AN/A-14.89%-10.07%
VKTX
VIKING THERAPEUTICS INC
$4.42B$39.11$95.86145.10%Strong Buy7N/AN/A-61.01%-58.83%
WHWK
WHITEHAWK THERAPEUTICS INC
$100.85M$2.14N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
NVCT
NUVECTIS PHARMA INC
$154.20M$6.02$10.0066.11%Buy1N/AN/A-123.79%-83.52%
OSUR
ORASURE TECHNOLOGIES INC
$165.70M$2.31$3.0029.87%Hold21.96%N/A-14.55%-12.45%
ELDN
ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS INC
$105.39M$1.76$9.00411.36%Buy1N/AN/A-135.30%-47.00%
ANVS
ANNOVIS BIO INC
$62.02M$2.34$13.50476.92%Strong Buy2N/AN/A-316.44%-242.19%
CYBN
CYBIN INC
$136.59M$5.93$62.50953.96%Strong Buy2N/AN/A-20.56%-14.80%
NRIX
NURIX THERAPEUTICS INC
$984.11M$12.80$25.0095.31%Strong Buy9-10.99%N/A-64.73%-46.12%
RCEL
AVITA MEDICAL INC
$114.35M$3.75$8.67131.12%Strong Buy331.64%N/A-1,521.22%159.12%
ATOS
ATOSSA THERAPEUTICS INC
$103.34M$0.80$5.88634.38%Buy2N/AN/A-86.01%-73.81%
CING
CINGULATE INC
$23.58M$3.49$39.501,031.81%Strong Buy2N/AN/AN/AN/A
VOR
VOR BIOPHARMA INC
$104.21M$10.01$34.67246.32%Buy3N/AN/AN/A-22.37%
VERA
VERA THERAPEUTICS INC
$1.81B$28.35$63.33123.40%Strong Buy3N/AN/A9.37%7.22%
QSI
QUANTUM-SI INC
$295.22M$1.37$2.0045.99%Hold1120.83%N/A-26.84%-24.26%
DNA
GINKGO BIOWORKS HOLDINGS INC
$486.54M$8.03$9.0012.08%Strong Sell19.87%N/AN/AN/A
CRVO
CERVOMED INC
$71.06M$7.68$22.80196.88%Strong Buy5N/AN/A-44.99%-38.23%
MYO
MYOMO INC
$31.36M$0.82$7.83859.93%Buy312.85%N/A50.43%21.64%
AVBP
ARRIVENT BIOPHARMA INC
$854.11M$20.69$38.1484.35%Strong Buy7N/AN/A-2.35%-2.19%
CBUS
CIBUS INC
$66.23M$1.22N/AN/AN/AN/A169.14%N/A51.63%7.88%
CMPS
COMPASS PATHWAYS PLC
$499.77M$5.21$17.20230.45%Strong Buy5N/AN/A-385.59%-56.71%
MGNX
MACROGENICS INC
$94.89M$1.50$2.6777.80%Buy3-37.40%N/AN/AN/A
IMVT
IMMUNOVANT INC
$4.16B$23.74$26.4011.20%Buy5N/AN/A-90.34%-80.54%
MDAI
SPECTRAL AI INC
$46.65M$1.52$3.0097.37%Strong Buy129.61%N/AN/AN/A
MDCX
MEDICUS PHARMA LTD
$42.58M$2.39$27.001,029.71%Strong Buy1N/AN/A-83.91%-22.84%
CLDX
CELLDEX THERAPEUTICS INC
$1.70B$25.55$43.1768.95%Buy6100.60%N/A-29.62%-27.33%
BCTX
BRIACELL THERAPEUTICS CORP
$17.27M$9.17$40.00336.44%Buy1N/AN/A-17.12%-13.71%
AVR
ANTERIS TECHNOLOGIES GLOBAL CORP
$152.02M$3.69N/AN/AN/AN/A64.14%N/A-2,347.64%-455.15%
LNAI
LUNAI BIOWORKS INC
$24.57M$1.06N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
ARTL
ARTELO BIOSCIENCES INC
$3.73M$1.85$18.00872.97%Strong Buy1N/AN/AN/A-28.47%
KAPA
KAIROS PHARMA LTD
$17.20M$0.83$9.00985.65%Strong Buy1N/AN/A-181.70%-163.30%
BNBX
APPLIED DNA SCIENCES INC
$3.68M$2.85N/AN/AN/AN/A128.84%N/A-1,496.40%-1,093.91%
TECX
TECTONIC THERAPEUTIC INC
$347.00M$18.54$73.33295.54%Strong Buy3N/AN/A-40.39%-39.01%
LRMR
LARIMAR THERAPEUTICS INC
$289.30M$3.38$16.60391.12%Buy5N/AN/A-58.08%-43.10%
OSTX
OS THERAPIES INC
$57.41M$1.80$20.001,011.11%Strong Buy1N/AN/A-59.22%-28.40%
ATYR
ATYR PHARMA INC
$73.78M$0.75$13.501,692.83%Buy4596.43%N/A-39.65%-29.83%
SPRY
ARS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
$811.55M$8.21$40.00387.21%Strong Buy141.56%N/A83.99%33.27%
BIAF
BIOAFFINITY TECHNOLOGIES INC
$8.28M$1.84N/AN/AN/AN/A-8.38%N/A-417.52%-321.90%
ETHZ
ETHZILLA CORP
$8.97M$14.86N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A-34.35%-17.25%
OBIO
ORCHESTRA BIOMED HOLDINGS INC
$222.47M$3.94$13.67246.88%Strong Buy33.58%N/A-81.64%-34.07%
VVOS
VIVOS THERAPEUTICS INC
$17.56M$2.34$6.50177.78%Buy124.74%N/A-159.51%-28.08%
RXRX
RECURSION PHARMACEUTICALS INC
$2.16B$4.14$6.5057.00%Buy256.97%N/A-54.78%-40.98%
SKYE
SKYE BIOSCIENCE INC
$41.67M$1.30$15.001,053.85%Buy3N/AN/A-225.05%-178.83%
BBOT
BRIDGEBIO ONCOLOGY THERAPEUTICS INC
$1.05B$13.12$24.6788.01%Buy3N/AN/A-42.04%-38.74%
ABP
ABPRO HOLDINGS INC
$14.67M$5.49N/AN/AN/AN/A-100.00%N/AN/A-26.35%
MLTX
MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
$820.23M$12.77$36.78188.00%Buy9N/AN/A-53.69%-37.44%
AGL
AGILON HEALTH INC
$238.80M$0.58$2.06256.94%Hold95.10%N/A-21.89%-4.20%
LGVN
LONGEVERON INC
$14.55M$0.68$3.00339.88%Strong Buy1201.39%N/A-50.22%-32.17%
PINC
PREMIER INC
$2.33B$28.19$26.55-5.82%Hold52.03%N/A9.28%4.65%
BRNS
BARINTHUS BIOTHERAPEUTICS PLC
$32.46M$0.80N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A-71.99%-55.68%
ZJYL
JIN MEDICAL INTERNATIONAL LTD
$40.08M$0.26N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
ENSC
ENSYSCE BIOSCIENCES INC
$6.11M$2.06N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
SRZN
SURROZEN INC
$111.26M$12.98N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A-60.05%
TIVC
TIVIC HEALTH SYSTEMS INC
$2.07M$1.91N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
CUE
CUE BIOPHARMA INC
$49.60M$0.63$4.00534.92%Strong Buy111.47%N/A150.09%62.83%
LSTA
LISATA THERAPEUTICS INC
$18.70M$2.12$23.501,008.49%Strong Buy260.27%N/A-50.75%-40.52%
ZCMD
ZHONGCHAO INC
$16.81M$0.66N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
CYCN
CYCLERION THERAPEUTICS INC
$5.34M$1.36N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
CPIX
CUMBERLAND PHARMACEUTICALS INC
$31.56M$2.11N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
STAA
STAAR SURGICAL CO
$1.31B$26.32$25.50-3.12%Hold417.14%N/A6.45%5.00%
ATXS
ASTRIA THERAPEUTICS INC
$709.39M$12.57$24.2092.52%Buy5N/AN/A-42.65%-39.41%
CV
CAPSOVISION INC
$239.84M$5.12$5.00-2.34%Buy1N/AN/A-2.36%-1.88%
CLSD
CLEARSIDE BIOMEDICAL INC
$19.99M$3.82$65.001,601.57%Hold3272.00%N/AN/A-103.19%
BYSI
BEYONDSPRING INC
$84.29M$2.09N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
PMN
PROMIS NEUROSCIENCES INC
$20.99M$0.39$4.00925.64%Buy1N/AN/A-428.91%-183.64%
MNDR
MOBILE-HEALTH NETWORK SOLUTIONS
$2.16M$1.83N/AN/AN/AN/A608,852.39%N/A0.92%0.54%
BOLT
BOLT BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC
$8.77M$4.57$43.50851.86%Strong Buy227.29%N/A-132.90%-65.58%
NVNO
ENVVENO MEDICAL CORP
$8.49M$0.42N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A-51.82%-47.17%
DWTX
DOGWOOD THERAPEUTICS INC
$11.92M$5.20$12.00130.77%Buy1N/AN/AN/AN/A
PHAR
PHARMING GROUP NV
$1.14B$16.81N/AN/AN/AN/A2.23%N/A25.05%13.99%
EKSO
EKSO BIONICS HOLDINGS INC
$11.78M$4.49$9.50111.58%Strong Buy127.79%N/A-4.15%-1.85%
PFSA
PROFUSA INC
$6.36M$0.19N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
CRIS
CURIS INC
$17.20M$1.33$17.001,178.20%Buy127.36%N/AN/A-35.07%
CELZ
CREATIVE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS INC
$8.13M$3.15N/AN/AN/AN/A1,586.00%N/A205.71%196.52%
BOLD
BOUNDLESS BIO INC
$27.76M$1.24$4.00222.58%Buy3N/AN/AN/AN/A
NUWE
NUWELLIS INC
$4.48M$2.70N/AN/AN/AN/A38.92%N/AN/AN/A
CNTX
CONTEXT THERAPEUTICS INC
$106.58M$1.16$5.75395.69%Strong Buy4N/AN/A-51.23%-47.31%
VNRX
VOLITIONRX LTD
$35.61M$0.33$3.50957.40%Strong Buy3262.15%N/A-322.53%1,178.82%
WOK
WORK MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY GROUP LTD
$624.53k$4.28N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
EVOK
EVOKE PHARMA INC
$18.41M$10.69N/AN/AN/AN/A34.42%N/A105.03%22.56%
BMRA
BIOMERICA INC
$6.92M$2.41N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
BMGL
BASEL MEDICAL GROUP LTD
$22.33M$1.21N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
COCP
COCRYSTAL PHARMA INC
$14.20M$1.03$6.00482.52%Buy1N/AN/A-199.83%-146.71%
CNTB
CONNECT BIOPHARMA HOLDINGS LTD
$118.52M$2.12$8.50300.94%Strong Buy2N/AN/A-67.45%-55.45%
CANF
CAN-FITE BIOPHARMA LTD
$4.40M$0.37$6.751,724.32%Strong Buy2719.66%N/AN/AN/A
CLGN
COLLPLANT BIOTECHNOLOGIES LTD
$22.62M$1.98$11.50482.28%Strong Buy2133.47%N/A-1.87%-1.34%
ZTEK
ZENTEK LTD
$84.29M$0.81N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
INTS
INTENSITY THERAPEUTICS INC
$26.31M$0.44$2.25413.70%Strong Buy2N/AN/A-203.60%-153.41%
SCNI
SCINAI IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS LTD
$0.00$0.98N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
PPBT
PURPLE BIOTECH LTD
$37.13M$0.72N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
SONN
SONNET BIOTHERAPEUTICS HOLDINGS INC
$39.99M$5.92N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
VTVT
VTV THERAPEUTICS INC
$121.29M$30.80$36.0016.88%Buy1-100.00%N/A-19.64%-13.93%
SNOA
SONOMA PHARMACEUTICALS INC
$5.85M$3.44N/AN/AN/AN/A13.70%N/A-20.76%-5.67%
BDRX
BIODEXA PHARMACEUTICALS PLC
$0.00$5.48N/AN/AN/AN/A-96.88%N/A-922,145.71%-711,390.89%

Healthcare Industries

IndustryStocks1d %1w %1m %1y %DD ScoreP/E ratioP/B RatioROEROAROCEUpside/DownsideConsensus
623+2.20%+5.71%+6.50%-48.18%280.44x5.12x-28.91%-10.34%-18.67%+51.40%Strong Buy
57-0.54%-0.05%+7.81%+13.10%24.30x4.32x-0.69%+6.67%+14.18%+6.65%Strong Buy
20+0.07%+7.27%+13.49%+21.54%46.21x6.69x+109.31%+12.14%+20.15%+1.52%Hold
77+0.26%+0.39%-1.67%-13.53%25.64x2.17x+10.61%+3.75%+7.10%+39.12%Strong Buy
10-1.12%-1.70%-11.49%-30.09%43.50x1.99x+12.29%+3.80%+9.27%+22.65%Buy
55-0.49%-3.70%-3.58%-54.29%41.06x4.01x+7.76%+4.89%+7.21%+35.44%Strong Buy
48-0.85%-1.86%+0.24%-21.33%14.89x5.29x-83.73%+7.67%+16.73%+20.32%Buy
138-0.60%+2.09%+2.40%-33.58%26.64x3.95x+12.09%+7.33%+8.47%+25.75%Strong Buy
11-0.70%-0.56%+11.83%+39.03%30.11x433.03x-34.73%+3.63%+22.01%+4.72%Buy
56-1.36%-0.06%+3.18%-38.36%198.50x3.64x+10.92%+8.99%+11.88%+19.69%Buy

Healthcare Stocks FAQ

What are the best healthcare stocks to buy right now in Nov 2025?

According to Zen Ratings, our proprietary rating system that evaluates 115 factors proven to drive growth in stocks and assigns each stock in our system an overall letter grade as well as 7 individual Component Grades for Value, Growth, Momentum, Sentiment, Safety, Financials, and proprietary AI algorithms, the 3 best healthcare stocks to buy right now are:

1. Pediatrix Medical Group (NYSE:MD)


Pediatrix Medical Group (NYSE:MD) is the #1 top healthcare stock out of 1095 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Pediatrix Medical Group (NYSE:MD) is: Value: A, Growth: B, Momentum: C, Sentiment: A, Safety: B, Financials: B, and AI: C.

Pediatrix Medical Group (NYSE:MD) has a Due Diligence Score of 39, which is 13 points higher than the healthcare sector average of 26. It passed 12 out of 33 due diligence checks and has average fundamentals. Pediatrix Medical Group has seen its stock return 56.84% over the past year, overperforming other healthcare stocks by 89 percentage points.

Pediatrix Medical Group has an average 1 year price target of $21.33, a downside of -7.85% from Pediatrix Medical Group's current stock price of $23.15.

Pediatrix Medical Group stock has a consensus Hold recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 3 analysts covering Pediatrix Medical Group, 0% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 0% have issued a Buy, 100% have issued a Hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

2. Collegium Pharmaceutical (NASDAQ:COLL)


Collegium Pharmaceutical (NASDAQ:COLL) is the #2 top healthcare stock out of 1095 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Collegium Pharmaceutical (NASDAQ:COLL) is: Value: A, Growth: B, Momentum: C, Sentiment: B, Safety: C, Financials: B, and AI: B.

Collegium Pharmaceutical (NASDAQ:COLL) has a Due Diligence Score of 50, which is 24 points higher than the healthcare sector average of 26. It passed 17 out of 33 due diligence checks and has strong fundamentals. Collegium Pharmaceutical has seen its stock return 51.9% over the past year, overperforming other healthcare stocks by 84 percentage points.

Collegium Pharmaceutical has an average 1 year price target of $46.67, an upside of 1.49% from Collegium Pharmaceutical's current stock price of $45.98.

Collegium Pharmaceutical stock has a consensus Strong Buy recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 3 analysts covering Collegium Pharmaceutical, 33.33% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 66.67% have issued a Buy, 0% have issued a Hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

3. Indivior (NASDAQ:INDV)


Indivior (NASDAQ:INDV) is the #3 top healthcare stock out of 1095 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Indivior (NASDAQ:INDV) is: Value: B, Growth: B, Momentum: B, Sentiment: A, Safety: B, Financials: B, and AI: C.

Indivior (NASDAQ:INDV) has a Due Diligence Score of 27, which is 1 points higher than the healthcare sector average of 26. It passed 8 out of 33 due diligence checks and has average fundamentals. Indivior has seen its stock return 200.39% over the past year, overperforming other healthcare stocks by 232 percentage points.

Indivior has an average 1 year price target of $32.50, an upside of 6.59% from Indivior's current stock price of $30.49.

Indivior stock has a consensus Strong Buy recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 4 analysts covering Indivior, 50% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 50% have issued a Buy, 0% have issued a Hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

What are the healthcare stocks with highest dividends?

Out of 71 healthcare stocks that have issued dividends in the past year, the 3 healthcare stocks with the highest dividend yields are:

1. Select Medical Holdings (NYSE:SEM)


Select Medical Holdings (NYSE:SEM) has an annual dividend yield of 13.09%, which is 11 percentage points higher than the healthcare sector average of 2.04%. Select Medical Holdings's dividend payout is not stable, having dropped more than 10% two times in the last 10 years. Select Medical Holdings's dividend has not shown consistent growth over the last 10 years.

Select Medical Holdings's dividend payout ratio of 36% indicates that its high dividend yield is sustainable for the long-term.

2. Dominari Holdings (NASDAQ:DOMH)


Dominari Holdings (NASDAQ:DOMH) has an annual dividend yield of 10.84%, which is 9 percentage points higher than the healthcare sector average of 2.04%.

Dominari Holdings's dividend payout ratio of 8.4% indicates that its high dividend yield is sustainable for the long-term.

3. Spok Holdings (NASDAQ:SPOK)


Spok Holdings (NASDAQ:SPOK) has an annual dividend yield of 8.99%, which is 7 percentage points higher than the healthcare sector average of 2.04%. Spok Holdings's dividend payout is not stable, having dropped more than 10% two times in the last 10 years. Spok Holdings's dividend has shown consistent growth over the last 10 years.

Spok Holdings's dividend payout ratio of 154.3% indicates that its high dividend yield might not be sustainable for the long-term.

Why are healthcare stocks up?

Healthcare stocks were up 0.35% in the last day, and up 2.29% over the last week. Leap Therapeutics was the among the top gainers in the healthcare sector, gaining 368.04% yesterday.

Leap Therapeutics shares are trading higher after the company reported better-than-expected Q3 EPS results.

What are the most undervalued healthcare stocks?

Based on the Valuation rating, one of the 7 components of a stocks overall Zen Ratings grade, which evaluates factors including estimated earnings yield, earnings before interest and taxes/enterprise value, cash flow yield, free cash flow to price, and price-to-earnings growth (PEG ratio), the 3 most undervalued healthcare stocks right now are:

1. Harmony Biosciences Holdings (NASDAQ:HRMY)


Harmony Biosciences Holdings (NASDAQ:HRMY) is the most undervalued healthcare stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Harmony Biosciences Holdings has a valuation score of 71, which is 54 points higher than the healthcare sector average of 17. It passed 5 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Harmony Biosciences Holdings's stock has gained 3.12% in the past year. It has overperformed other stocks in the healthcare sector by 35 percentage points.

2. Organon & Co (NYSE:OGN)


Organon & Co (NYSE:OGN) is the second most undervalued healthcare stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Organon & Co has a valuation score of 71, which is 54 points higher than the healthcare sector average of 17. It passed 5 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Organon & Co's stock has dropped -50.82% in the past year. It has underperformed other stocks in the healthcare sector by -19 percentage points.

3. Bausch Health Companies (NYSE:BHC)


Bausch Health Companies (NYSE:BHC) is the third most undervalued healthcare stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Bausch Health Companies has a valuation score of 57, which is 40 points higher than the healthcare sector average of 17. It passed 4 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Bausch Health Companies's stock has dropped -28.31% in the past year. It has overperformed other stocks in the healthcare sector by 4 percentage points.

Are healthcare stocks a good buy now?

54.66% of healthcare stocks rated by analysts are a strong buy right now. On average, analysts expect healthcare stocks to rise by 28.56% over the next year.

8.08% of healthcare stocks have a Zen Rating of A (Strong Buy), 10.89% of healthcare stocks are rated B (Buy), 46.72% are rated C (Hold), 24.47% are rated D (Sell), and 9.84% are rated F (Strong Sell).

What is the average p/e ratio of the healthcare sector?

The average P/E ratio of the healthcare sector is 84.32x.
WallStreetZen does not provide financial advice and does not issue recommendations or offers to buy stock or sell any security.

Information is provided 'as-is' and solely for informational purposes and is not advice. WallStreetZen does not bear any responsibility for any losses or damage that may occur as a result of reliance on this data.