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Sectors & IndustriesTechnologySoftware - Application
Best App Stocks to Buy Now (2024)
Top app stocks in 2024 ranked by overall Zen Score. See the best app stocks to buy now, according to analyst forecasts for the software - application industry.

Industry: Software - Application
Ticker
Company
Price
Valuation Score
Graham Fair Value
Graham Fair Value %
P/E
Forward P/E
P/S
P/B
PEG
Free Cash Flow
Free Cash Flow Yield
Book Value
BVPS
EV
EV/EBITDA
QH
QUHUO LTD
$0.57N/AN/A6.92xN/A0.01x0.05xN/A-$18.00M-564.46%$70.01M12.61$11.71M2.56
CWAN
CLEARWATER ANALYTICS HOLDINGS INC
$17.18N/AN/A-214.75x107.38x9.49x11.70xN/A$81.36M2.22%$360.67M1.69$4.11B-1,639.45
EXFY
EXPENSIFY INC
$1.64N/AN/A-3.28xN/A0.90x1.39xN/A-$5.74M-4.27%$100.74M1.22$121.78M-4.45
CALX
CALIX INC
$28.92N/AN/A96.40xN/A1.86x2.55xN/A$45.88M2.43%$742.69M11.37$1.81B58.70
INTA
INTAPP INC
$31.21N/AN/A-39.01x-30.90x5.61x6.07xN/A$29.64M1.35%$371.66M5.27$2.10B-60.97
API
AGORA INC
$2.56N/AN/A-2.91x-5.02x1.80x0.39xN/A-$25.24M-9.88%$604.75M6.07$214.34M-2.84
SNOW
SNOWFLAKE INC
$157.77N/AN/A-61.87x-108.81x18.44x10.18xN/A$778.90M1.51%$5.18B15.79$51.25B-75.98
ML
MONEYLION INC
$68.97N/AN/A-14.90xN/A1.57x2.82xN/A$110.34M16.64%$257.22M26.75$820.70M114.50
SMWB
SIMILARWEB LTD
$7.49N/AN/A-19.71x-10.70x2.67x37.89xN/A-$5.42M-0.93%$15.55M0.20$584.79M-31.53
VERX
VERTEX INC
$29.33N/AN/A-325.89x733.25x7.78x17.89xN/A$6.10M0.14%$252.98M1.67$4.50B75.66
PCOR
PROCORE TECHNOLOGIES INC
$69.23N/AN/A-71.37x-54.09x10.01x8.49xN/A$85.40M0.85%$1.19B8.21$9.78B-213.58
BILL
BILL HOLDINGS INC
$63.30N/AN/A-58.61x-29.86x5.62x1.68xN/A$218.68M3.26%$3.95B37.31$6.99B-2,883.35
ADEA
ADEIA INC
$10.01N/AN/A15.89xN/A2.74x3.02xN/A$148.94M13.97%$356.62M3.35$1.62B6.80
SSTI
SOUNDTHINKING INC
$13.49N/AN/A-61.32xN/A1.81x2.31xN/A$5.90M3.52%$74.76M6.02$173.79M18.95
VERB
VERB TECHNOLOGY COMPANY INC
$0.15N/AN/A-0.05xN/A16.89x3.86xN/A-$10.87M-1,051.32%$3.13M0.46$10.08M-0.55
AMST
AMESITE INC
$3.45N/AN/A-3.06xN/A20.29x2.00xN/A-$3.33M-37.94%$4.38M1.72$5.11M-1.67
OCFT
ONECONNECT FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
$2.16N/AN/A-1.58x-0.65x0.17x0.20xN/A-$94.78M-112.50%$410.34M10.52-$126.97M2.76
WEAV
WEAVE COMMUNICATIONS INC
$8.65N/AN/A-18.80x-11.85x3.44x7.73xN/A$6.53M1.11%$78.96M1.17$619.14M-47.57
BMBL
BUMBLE INC
$10.16N/AN/A-338.67x17.82x1.75x1.12xN/A$167.15M9.10%$1.64B9.05$2.10B21.89
ASAN
ASANA INC
$15.63N/AN/A-13.36x-8.23x5.28x10.77xN/A-$31.09M-0.90%$326.40M1.48$3.55B-16.39
FSLY
FASTLY INC
$8.79N/AN/A-8.88x-5.46x2.27x1.21xN/A-$12.63M-1.07%$991.81M7.37$1.48B-44.29
LYFT
LYFT INC
$16.84N/AN/A-19.14x-153.09x1.47x12.43xN/A-$155.47M-2.39%$541.52M1.41$6.98B-36.93
PYCR
PAYCOR HCM INC
$16.81N/AN/A-35.02x186.78x4.94x2.36xN/A$13.27M0.45%$1.27B7.14$2.95B55.55
BMR
BEAMR IMAGING LTD
$5.84N/AN/A-97.33xN/A22.46x7.43xN/A-$852.00k-1.30%$10.26M0.92$70.80M-83.10
BSY
BENTLEY SYSTEMS INC
$51.74N/AN/A49.28x63.10x13.16x17.42xN/A$391.69M2.42%$883.28M2.83$16.89B57.20
KLTR
KALTURA INC
$1.22N/AN/A-3.59x-5.08x0.96x5.76xN/A-$12.40M-7.38%$30.32M0.22$192.92M-5.68
HUBS
HUBSPOT INC
$590.89N/AN/A-167.39x-343.54x13.58x22.68xN/A$250.88M0.85%$1.32B26.47$30.34B-373.55
INST
INSTRUCTURE HOLDINGS INC
$19.56N/AN/A-81.50x21.03x5.31x2.21xN/A$158.13M5.61%$1.29B8.93$3.00B19.83
PAR
PAR TECHNOLOGY CORP
$42.97N/AN/A-16.98xN/A2.85x3.62xN/A-$27.94M-2.36%$333.07M12.09$1.54B-46.15
DUOT
DUOS TECHNOLOGIES GROUP INC
$3.08N/AN/A-1.97xN/A2.97x4.19xN/A-$9.24M-41.66%$5.37M0.75$25.11M-2.42
SMSI
SMITH MICRO SOFTWARE INC
$2.30N/AN/A-0.76xN/A0.46x0.29xN/A-$6.98M-37.39%$75.39M9.29$17.68M-1.66
AMPL
AMPLITUDE INC
$9.87N/AN/A-12.82x-7.48x4.18x4.03xN/A$22.45M1.95%$294.75M2.52$943.62M-11.86
ANY
SPHERE 3D CORP
$0.97N/AN/A-0.50xN/A0.54x0.65xN/A-$3.68M-31.14%$26.52M2.19$16.73M-0.98
SMAR
SMARTSHEET INC
$38.39N/AN/A-49.22x-26.29x5.39x8.71xN/A$144.58M2.80%$605.86M4.50$5.04B-88.30
VS
VERSUS SYSTEMS INC
$1.39N/AN/A-0.13xN/A4.68x0.29xN/A-$5.52M-434.75%$11.94M13.09-$1.21M0.15
WKME
WALKME LTD
$7.79N/AN/A-11.63x-7.95x2.59x2.72xN/A$11.49M1.66%$260.15M2.93$543.44M-8.89
DSP
VIANT TECHNOLOGY INC
$8.13N/AN/A-67.75xN/A0.55x7.87xN/A$27.29M21.05%$65.59M4.11$337.46M48.65
DAY
DAYFORCE INC
$57.73N/AN/A169.79x-288.65x5.75x3.75xN/A$103.40M1.14%$2.43B15.51$9.96B34.90
AZPN
ASPEN TECHNOLOGY INC
$201.37N/AN/A-149.16xN/A12.14x1.00xN/A$286.07M2.23%$12.85B201.72$12.76B34.70
WRNT
WARRANTEE INC
$0.32N/AN/A22.71xN/A3.83x260.48xN/A$224.59k3.46%$27.35k0.00$8.07M19.10
ASUR
ASURE SOFTWARE INC
$7.96N/AN/A-18.09xN/A1.71x1.04xN/A$252.00k0.13%$197.68M7.80$193.38M14.05
SPT
SPROUT SOCIAL INC
$48.15N/AN/A-40.46x-41.15x8.03x18.78xN/A$4.38M0.16%$144.19M2.59$2.73B-49.87
NTWK
NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES INC
$2.65N/AN/A-14.97xN/A0.53x0.88xN/A$138.19k0.45%$34.46M3.03$22.32M10.29
PERF
PERFECT CORP
$2.35N/AN/A47.00xN/A4.30x1.70xN/AN/AN/A$140.68M1.38$118.14MN/A
ONTF
ON24 INC
$6.82N/AN/A-5.88xN/A1.86x1.58xN/A-$14.39M-4.72%$180.22M4.04$236.40M-5.42
ESTC
ELASTIC NV
$106.10N/AN/A200.19xN/A8.78x15.11xN/A$111.10M1.04%$707.84M7.06$10.76B-167.45
XPER
XPERI INC
$10.65N/AN/A-3.35xN/A0.88x1.17xN/A-$12.69M-2.77%$404.23M9.40$410.00M-7.86
BIGC
BIGCOMMERCE HOLDINGS INC
$5.99N/AN/A-6.97xN/A1.45x17.97xN/A-$28.42M-6.31%$25.53M0.34$736.30M-14.93
SOPA
SOCIETY PASS INCORPORATED
$1.73N/AN/A-0.18xN/A0.41x0.82xN/A-$14.13M-422.77%$5.31M2.75$2.06M-0.12
RMNI
RIMINI STREET INC
$2.61N/AN/A10.88xN/A0.54x-6.50xN/A$7.56M3.22%-$36.31M-0.41$185.40M3.91
AWRE
AWARE INC
$2.07N/AN/A-5.91xN/A2.38x1.27xN/A$1.81M4.15%$34.30M1.63$38.12M-5.92
AEYE
AUDIOEYE INC
$17.37N/AN/A-44.54x6.76x6.43x41.13xN/A-$1.96M-0.96%$4.92M0.42$202.50M-106.58
FTFT
FUTURE FINTECH GROUP INC
$0.82N/AN/A-0.36xN/A0.34x0.37xN/A-$17.43M-145.03%$43.98M2.98-$347.37k0.01
DPSI
DECISIONPOINT SYSTEMS INC
$10.01N/AN/A30.34xN/A0.65x3.93xN/A$3.59M4.74%$19.54M2.59$82.50M10.65
UPBD
UPBOUND GROUP INC
$30.38N/AN/A-69.05x5.65x0.41x2.87xN/A$84.70M5.11%$578.30M10.59$3.15B1.99
BLBX
BLACKBOXSTOCKS INC
$2.78N/AN/A-1.92xN/A2.88x1.23xN/A-$3.17M-35.41%$7.30M2.27$8.88M-1.92
BTDR
BITDEER TECHNOLOGIES GROUP
$5.64N/AN/A-11.06xN/A1.69x1.90xN/A-$410.11M-65.82%$332.57M3.01$570.05M23.20
PSQH
PSQ HOLDINGS INC
$4.00N/AN/A-1.65xN/A15.44x10.84xN/A-$29.03M-33.05%$10.43M0.48$96.97M-1.92
IDAI
T STAMP INC
$0.84N/AN/A-0.78xN/A1.30x2.25xN/A-$8.11M-136.29%$3.75M0.53$6.54M-0.99
PD
PAGERDUTY INC
$20.44N/AN/A-22.97x-27.62x4.38x11.05xN/A$64.43M3.41%$171.60M1.86$1.99B-45.20
HTCR
HEARTCORE ENTERPRISES INC
$0.86N/AN/A-4.07xN/A0.80x3.45xN/A-$4.83M-27.72%$5.17M0.25$22.28M-7.12
TYL
TYLER TECHNOLOGIES INC
$464.46$30.211,437.56%103.21xN/A9.90x6.52x29.51x$320.99M1.63%$3.02B71.21$20.18B48.51
COMP
COMPASS INC
$3.17N/AN/A-4.59x-14.41x0.30x3.63xN/A-$37.10M-2.52%$428.70M0.92$1.92B-8.71
GVP
GSE SYSTEMS INC
$2.40N/AN/A-0.68xN/A0.13x1.46xN/A$893.00k14.96%$5.34M2.15$6.95M-1.21
GRND
GRINDR INC
$10.19N/AN/A-31.84xN/A6.83x-97.52xN/A$31.92M1.80%-$18.29M-0.11$2.10B93.45
CYN
CYNGN INC
$0.11N/AN/A-0.19xN/A2.92x0.84xN/A-$20.34M-471.30%$10.64M0.27$6.30M-0.29
DHX
DHI GROUP INC
$2.61N/AN/A32.63xN/A0.75x1.17xN/A$1.09M0.96%$107.54M2.47$167.71M6.98
MAPS
WM TECHNOLOGY INC
$1.27N/AN/A-0.97x-10.58x0.61x9.51xN/A-$535.00k-0.47%$19.95M0.21$196.68M2.10
ZETA
ZETA GLOBAL HOLDINGS CORP
$12.61N/AN/A-10.51x-1,261.00x2.71x15.26xN/A$54.55M2.76%$180.52M1.15$2.81B-22.57
BMTX
BM TECHNOLOGIES INC
$1.69N/AN/A-1.13xN/A0.35x0.66xN/A-$4.35M-22.19%$30.97M2.68$6.10M-1.12
OBLG
OBLONG INC
$0.12N/AN/A-0.12xN/A0.18x0.36xN/A-$2.99M-445.83%$5.50M0.98-$3.97M1.02
ZENV
ZENVIA INC
$1.96N/AN/A-2.07x14.00x0.53x0.44xN/A$41.64M50.71%$188.16M4.49$80.72M-2.95
SOUN
SOUNDHOUND AI INC
$4.49N/AN/A-11.23xN/A22.45x49.27xN/A-$68.66M-6.66%$28.17M0.12$1.38B-22.38
BLND
BLEND LABS INC
$2.42N/AN/A-3.18xN/A3.78x-31.70xN/A-$128.21M-21.61%-$19.24M-0.08$724.31M-5.10
MITK
MITEK SYSTEMS INC
$13.09N/AN/A-218.17xN/A3.70x2.86xN/A$15.74M2.60%$213.80M4.62$689.80M29.30
CREX
CREATIVE REALITIES INC
$3.14N/AN/A-8.97xN/A0.59x1.14xN/A$1.14M4.27%$28.83M3.40$44.45M13.23
WALD
WALDENCAST PLC
$5.09N/AN/A-5.14x19.58x2.13x1.82xN/A-$31.82M-6.86%$624.63M6.85$1.29B-81.60
JAMF
JAMF HOLDING CORP
$19.91N/AN/A-22.63xN/A4.44x3.53xN/A$33.03M1.33%$717.55M5.74$2.65B-45.66
DOMO
DOMO INC
$7.51N/AN/A-3.58x-2.00x0.85x-1.86xN/A-$9.15M-3.38%-$153.55M-4.26$354.15M-5.59
BLKB
BLACKBAUD INC
$78.43$22.05255.75%191.29x51.60x3.64x7.58x1.39x$180.32M4.42%$534.05M10.26$4.74B24.73
CVLT
COMMVAULT SYSTEMS INC
$104.76N/AN/A10,476.00xN/A5.61x26.20xN/A$187.36M4.08%$174.60M3.98$4.30B144.41
VCSA
VACASA INC
$7.71N/AN/A-0.31x-1.61x0.08x1.32xN/A-$56.98M-60.56%$131.05M10.74-$53.25M0.26
EVBG
EVERBRIDGE INC
$34.80N/AN/A-30.00x-87.00x3.15x4.76xN/A$55.19M3.90%$302.31M7.43$1.67B92.83
MNY
MONEYHERO LTD
$1.94N/AN/A-0.11xN/A0.93x0.95xN/A-$17.13M-22.89%$79.08M2.05$6.72M-0.05
RSSS
RESEARCH SOLUTIONS INC
$2.86N/AN/A-143.00xN/A1.98x6.68xN/A$1.85M2.31%$13.96M0.50$90.60M-680.81
OLB
OLB GROUP INC
$0.49N/AN/A-0.75xN/A0.24x0.73xN/A$821.77k11.02%$12.23M0.80$9.09M-0.56
NXTT
NEXT TECHNOLOGY HOLDING INC
$4.80N/AN/A-120.00xN/A160.00x0.25xN/A$8.13M1.96%$50.90M0.59$11.93M-2.82
BNAI
BRAND ENGAGEMENT NETWORK INC
$1.62N/AN/A-10.80xN/AN/A3.05xN/A-$5.56M-4.51%$17.69M0.23$53.65M-4.86
EGHT
8X8 INC
$2.25N/AN/A-5.11x-5.36x0.38x2.53xN/A$61.27M22.22%$109.67M0.90$651.92M-275.19
MNDR
MOBILE-HEALTH NETWORK SOLUTIONS
$22.07N/AN/A-0.74xN/A302.33xN/AN/A-$2.43M-0.10%-$367.20k-0.00N/AN/A
ELWS
EARLYWORKS CO LTD
$0.65N/AN/A-4.11xN/A21.77x3.22xN/A-$2.23M-23.58%$3.05M0.21$6.60M-2.89
LPSN
LIVEPERSON INC
$0.57N/AN/A-0.44xN/A0.11x1.04xN/A-$48.42M-108.83%$48.14M0.61$425.80M-9.22
QTWO
Q2 HOLDINGS INC
$59.58N/AN/A-44.13x-79.44x5.56x7.70xN/A$48.86M1.38%$464.97M7.82$3.85B1,052.80
XTKG
X3 HOLDINGS CO LTD
$0.66N/AN/A-0.18xN/A1.20x1.28xN/A-$11.83M-58.78%$132.84M4.32$175.28M-1.68
PWSC
POWERSCHOOL HOLDINGS INC
$16.89N/AN/A-88.89xN/A3.95x2.63xN/A$129.94M4.72%$1.30B7.98$4.22B24.92
PRCH
PORCH GROUP INC
$3.32N/AN/A-2.39x-7.22x0.74x-9.08xN/A$23.83M7.47%-$35.68M-0.37$462.53M-6.00
MRIN
MARIN SOFTWARE INC
$3.15N/AN/A-0.50xN/A0.55x0.84xN/A-$13.85M-145.37%$11.58M3.83$1.84M-0.12
GWRE
GUIDEWIRE SOFTWARE INC
$113.29N/AN/A-182.73x-92.86x10.05x7.51xN/A$102.36M1.10%$1.26B15.29$9.53B-217.42
AHI
ADVANCED HEALTH INTELLIGENCE LTD
$1.50N/AN/A-0.77xN/A4.18x5.80xN/A-$7.43M-63.73%$2.03M0.26$11.45M-0.91
DATS
DATCHAT INC
$1.19N/AN/A-0.29xN/AN/A0.59xN/A-$6.58M-272.52%$6.10M3.01$2.71M-0.33

App Stocks FAQ

What are the best app stocks to buy right now in May 2024?

According to Zen Score, the 3 best software stocks to buy right now are:

1. Full Truck Alliance Co (NYSE:YMM)


Full Truck Alliance Co (NYSE:YMM) is the top app stock with a Zen Score of 68, which is 41 points higher than the app industry average of 27. It passed 22 out of 33 due diligence checks and has strong fundamentals. Full Truck Alliance Co has seen its stock return 39.15% over the past year, overperforming other app stocks by 14 percentage points.

Full Truck Alliance Co has an average 1 year price target of $6.00, a downside of -32.2% from Full Truck Alliance Co's current stock price of $8.85.

Full Truck Alliance Co stock has a consensus Hold recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 1 analyst covering Full Truck Alliance Co, 0% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 0% have issued a Buy, 100% have issued a hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

2. Red Violet (NASDAQ:RDVT)


Red Violet (NASDAQ:RDVT) is the second best app stock with a Zen Score of 66, which is 39 points higher than the app industry average of 27. It passed 21 out of 33 due diligence checks and has strong fundamentals. Red Violet has seen its stock return 5.76% over the past year, underperforming other app stocks by -19 percentage points.

Red Violet has an average 1 year price target of $25.00, an upside of 43.43% from Red Violet's current stock price of $17.43.

Red Violet stock has a consensus Strong Buy recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 1 analyst covering Red Violet, 100% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 0% have issued a Buy, 0% have issued a hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

3. Agilysys (NASDAQ:AGYS)


Agilysys (NASDAQ:AGYS) is the third best app stock with a Zen Score of 64, which is 37 points higher than the app industry average of 27. It passed 21 out of 33 due diligence checks and has strong fundamentals. Agilysys has seen its stock return 9.45% over the past year, underperforming other app stocks by -16 percentage points.

Agilysys has an average 1 year price target of $100.00, an upside of 20.58% from Agilysys's current stock price of $82.93.

Agilysys stock has a consensus Buy recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 1 analyst covering Agilysys, 0% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 100% have issued a Buy, 0% have issued a hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

What are the app stocks with highest dividends?

Out of 17 app stocks that have issued dividends in the past year, the 3 app stocks with the highest dividend yields are:

1. Mind Cti (NASDAQ:MNDO)


Mind Cti (NASDAQ:MNDO) has an annual dividend yield of 12.77%, which is 10 percentage points higher than the app industry average of 2.41%. Mind Cti's dividend payout is not stable, having dropped more than 10% one times in the last 10 years. Mind Cti's dividend has not shown consistent growth over the last 10 years.

Mind Cti's dividend payout ratio of 92.3% indicates that its high dividend yield might not be sustainable for the long-term.

2. Upbound Group (NASDAQ:UPBD)


Upbound Group (NASDAQ:UPBD) has an annual dividend yield of 4.67%, which is 2 percentage points higher than the app industry average of 2.41%. Upbound Group's dividend payout is not stable, having dropped more than 10% one times in the last 10 years. Upbound Group's dividend has shown consistent growth over the last 10 years.

Upbound Group's dividend payout ratio of -322.7% indicates that its high dividend yield might not be sustainable for the long-term.

3. American Software (NASDAQ:AMSWA)


American Software (NASDAQ:AMSWA) has an annual dividend yield of 4.37%, which is 2 percentage points higher than the app industry average of 2.41%. American Software's dividend payout is stable, having never dropped by more than 10% in the last 10 years. American Software's dividend has shown consistent growth over the last 10 years.

American Software's dividend payout ratio of 122.2% indicates that its dividend yield might not be sustainable for the long-term.

Why are app stocks up?

App stocks were up 1.42% in the last day, and down -1.73% over the last week. Next Technology Holding was the among the top gainers in the software - application industry, gaining 29.55% yesterday.

Shares of software companies are trading higher amid market strength after the Fed on Wednesday left rates unchanged and Fed's Chair Powell said it is unlikely that the next policy rate move would be a rate hike.

What are the most undervalued app stocks?

Based on WallStreetZen's Valuation Score, the 3 most undervalued app stocks right now are:

1. Adeia (NASDAQ:ADEA)


Adeia (NASDAQ:ADEA) is the most undervalued app stock based on WallStreetZen's Valuation Score. Adeia has a valuation score of 71, which is 54 points higher than the app industry average of 17. It passed 5 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Adeia's stock has gained 37.12% in the past year. It has overperformed other stocks in the app industry by 12 percentage points.

2. Mind Cti (NASDAQ:MNDO)


Mind Cti (NASDAQ:MNDO) is the second most undervalued app stock based on WallStreetZen's Valuation Score. Mind Cti has a valuation score of 71, which is 54 points higher than the app industry average of 17. It passed 5 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Mind Cti's stock has dropped -2.08% in the past year. It has underperformed other stocks in the app industry by -27 percentage points.

3. Red Violet (NASDAQ:RDVT)


Red Violet (NASDAQ:RDVT) is the third most undervalued app stock based on WallStreetZen's Valuation Score. Red Violet has a valuation score of 71, which is 54 points higher than the app industry average of 17. It passed 5 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Red Violet's stock has gained 5.76% in the past year. It has underperformed other stocks in the app industry by -19 percentage points.

Are app stocks a good buy now?

44.51% of app stocks rated by analysts are a buy right now. On average, analysts expect app stocks to rise by 22.56% over the next year.

What is the average p/e ratio of the software - application industry?

The average P/E ratio of the software - application industry is 87.61x.
WallStreetZen does not provide financial advice and does not issue recommendations or offers to buy stock or sell any security.

Information is provided 'as-is' and solely for informational purposes and is not advice. WallStreetZen does not bear any responsibility for any losses or damage that may occur as a result of reliance on this data.